16
Alī, saying—or rather, those among them who held this view would say: “One of the two parties—either Alī, or Talhah and al-Zubayr—was guilty of grave sin,” without specifying which party (1). If a member of each party testified, their testimony would not be accepted, since one of them was guilty of grave sin, though they did not specify which one (2). If Alī testified together with another person of established probity, they disagreed over whether Alī’s testimony should be accepted.
Shia theologians such as Hishām ibn al-Hakam (3), Hishām ibn al-Jawālīqī (4), Yūnus ibn Abd al-Rahmān al-Qummī (5), and others like them went beyond the position of Ahl al-Sunnah in affirming the divine attributes. They were not content with what Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāah held, including—
(1) N reads: “the two of them specifically”; A and B read: “not that party specifically.”
(2) N, A, and B read: “not either of them specifically.”
(3) B reads: “Hishām ibn Abd al-Hakam,” which is an error. Hishām ibn al-Hakam al-Baghdādī al-Kindī, a client of Ibn Shaybān, belonged to those Imāmī Shia who went to extremes in corporealism and anthropomorphism. He died shortly after the downfall of the Barmakids (187 AH); it is also said that he died during the caliphate of al-Ma'mūn (198–218 AH). For discussions of him and the Hishāmiyya—an Imāmī sect attributed sometimes to him and Hishām ibn Sālim al-Jawālīqī collectively, though their respective sects are sometimes distinguished—see al-Maqālāt, 1/102–104; al-Milal wa-l-Nihal, 1/164–166; al-Isfarāyīnī, pp. [0–9]3–24; al-Farq bayn al-Firaq, pp. [0–9]9, 34, 41, 42, 67, 139; Ibn al-Nadīm, Takmilat al-Fihrist, p. [0–9], and al-Fihrist, pp. [0–9]75–176; Fihrist al-Tūsī, pp. [0–9]74–176; and Akhbār al-Rijāl by al-Kashshī, pp. [0–9]65–181.
(4) Hishām ibn Sālim al-Jawālīqī al-Ju'fī al-Allāf was one of the anthropomorphist Imāmiyya. For his biography, see Fihrist al-Tūsī, p. [0–9]74; Ibn al-Nadīm’s al-Fihrist, p. [0–9]77; and Akhbār al-Rijāl by al-Kashshī, pp. [0–9]81–184. His sect is called the Hishāmiyya or the Jawālīqiyya. See al-Maqālāt, 1/105; al-Farq bayn al-Firaq, pp. [0–9]2–43; and al-Milal wa-l-Nihal, 1/164–166.
(5) Yūnus ibn Abd al-Rahmān al-Qummī was likewise one of the anthropomorphist Imāmiyya. He died in 208 AH. For his biography, see Fihrist al-Tūsī, pp. [0–9]81–182. The Yūnusiyya sect is named after him. See al-Maqālāt, 1/106; al-Farq bayn al-Firaq, p. 43; al-Tabsīr fī al-Dīn, p. [0–9]4; and al-Milal wa-l-Nihal, 1/168.
عَلِيٍّ، فَيَقُولُونَ - أَوْ مَنْ يَقُولُ مِنْهُمْ -: قَدْ فَسَقَتْ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ - إِمَّا عَلِيٌّ، وَإِمَّا طَلْحَةُ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ - لَا يُعَيِّنُهَا
(١)
، فَإِنْ شَهِدَ هَذَا، وَهَذَا لَمْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُهُمَا لِفِسْقِ أَحَدِهِمَا لَا يُعَيِّنُهُ
(٢)
، وَإِنْ شَهِدَ عَلِيٌّ مَعَ شَخْصٍ آخَرَ عَدْلٍ، فَفِي قَبُولِ شَهَادَةِ عَلِيٍّ بَيْنَهُمْ نِزَاعٌ.
وَكَانَ مُتَكَلِّمُو الشِّيعَةِ كَهِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ
(٣)
، وَهِشَامِ بْنِ الْجَوَالِيقِيِّ
(٤)
، وَيُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقُمِّيِّ
(٥)
، وَأَمْثَالِهِمْ يَزِيدُونَ فِي إِثْبَاتِ الصِّفَاتِ عَلَى مَذْهَبِ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ، فَلَا يَقْنَعُونَ بِمَا يَقُولُهُ أَهْلُ السُّنَّةِ، وَالْجَمَاعَةُ مِنْ
(١) ن: بِعَيْنِهِمَا؛ أ، ب: لَا بِعَيْنِهَا.
(٢) ن، أ، ب: لَا بِعَيْنِهِ.
(٣) ب: هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. وَهِشَامُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ الْكِنْدِيُّ مَوْلَى ابْنِ شَيْبَانَ مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ الْإِمَامِيَّةِ الَّذِينَ غَالَوْا فِي التَّجْسِيمِ وَالتَّشْبِيهِ، تُوُفِّيَ بَعْدَ نَكْبَةِ الْبَرَامِكَةِ (١٨٧ هـ) بِمُدَّةٍ يَسِيرَةٍ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ فِي خِلَافَةِ الْمَأْمُونِ (١٩٨ - ٢١٨) . انْظُرِ الْكَلَامَ عَنْهُ وَعَنِ الْهِشَامِيَّةِ (مِنْ فِرَقِ الْإِمَامِيَّةِ وَتُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ وَإِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ الْجَوَالِيقِيِّ أَحْيَانًا وَيُمَيِّزُ بَيْنَ فِرْقَةِ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا أَحْيَانًا أُخْرَى) فِي: الْمَقَالَاتِ ١/١٠٢ - ١٠٤؛ الْمِلَلِ وَالنِّحَلِ ١/١٦٤ - ١٦٦؛ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٣ - ٢٤؛ الْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ الْفِرَقِ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٩، ٣٤، ٤١، ٤٢، ٦٧، ١٣٩؛ ابْنِ النَّدِيمِ: تَكْمِلَةِ الْفِهْرِسْتِ، ص [٠ - ٩] ، الْفِهْرِسْتِ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٧٥ - ١٧٦؛ فِهْرِسْتِ الطُّوسِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٧٤ - ١٧٦، أَخْبَارِ الرِّجَالِ لِلْكَشِّيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٦٥ - ١٨١.
(٤) هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْجَوَالِيقِيُّ الْجُعْفِيُّ الْعَلَّافُ مِنَ الْإِمَامِيَّةِ الْمُشَبِّهَةِ. تَرْجَمَتُهُ فِي فِهْرِسْتِ الطُّوسِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٧٤؛ فِهْرِسْتِ ابْنِ النَّدِيمِ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٧٧؛ أَخْبَارِ الرِّجَالِ لِلْكَشِّيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٨١ - ١٨٤. وَتُسَمَّى فِرْقَتُهُ بِالْهِشَامِيَّةِ أَوِ الْجَوَالِيقِيَّةِ. انْظُرِ: الْمَقَالَاتِ ١/١٠٥؛ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَ الْفِرَقِ ص [٠ - ٩] ٢ - ٤٣؛ الْمِلَلَ وَالنِّحَلَ ١/١٦٤ - ١٦٦.
(٥) يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقُمِّيُّ، مِنَ الْإِمَامِيَّةِ الْمُشَبِّهَةِ أَيْضًا، تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٢٠٨. انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: فِهْرِسْتِ الطُّوسِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٨١ - ١٨٢. وَإِلَيْهِ تُنْسَبُ فِرْقَةُ الْيُونُسِيَّةِ. انْظُرِ الْمَقَالَاتِ ١/١٠٦؛ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَ الْفِرَقِ، ص ٤٣؛ التَّبْصِيرَ فِي الدِّينِ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٤؛ الْمِلَلَ وَالنِّحَلَ ١/١٦٨.