Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

And if the attribute of a prophet who came into being] (1) agreed (2) with him in having come into being, it would not follow that it too must be a prophet like him. Likewise, if an attribute inseparable from the Lord is beginningless by virtue of His beginninglessness, it does not follow that it too must be a god like Him.

The position of these people (3) is to deny the attributes of perfection (4) that are inseparable from His essence. Their specious argument, to which he alluded (5), is that if those attributes were beginningless, there would be more than one beginningless being, as Ibn Sīnā and others like him maintain.

Ibn Sīnā and other philosophers adopted this from the Mutazila, saying (6): “If He had a necessarily existent attribute (7), there would be more than one necessary existent.” This is sophistry. If they mean that there would be more than one beginningless God or necessarily existent God, the alleged implication (8) is invalid. An attribute of God need not itself be a god, an attribute of a human being need not itself be a human being, an attribute of a prophet need not itself be a prophet, [and an attribute of an animal need not itself be an animal] (9).

If, however, they mean that the attribute is described as beginningless (* just as its bearer is described as beginningless, this is like the statement (10) of someone who says: “The attribute of a temporally originated being is described as temporally originated” *) (11), just as its bearer is described as temporally originated.

(1) The text enclosed in square brackets is omitted from N. I previously indicated where the omission begins (p. 24[0–9]). (2) N and M: “sharing.” (3) N and M: “their intention.” (4) A and B: “denying His attributes.” (5) N and M: “and their specious arguments to which they alluded.” (6) N and M: “Ibn Sīnā took this from the philosophers and said: …” This is a distortion. (7) N: “one [attribute],” which is an error. (8) N and M: “then the necessary consequence.” (9) The text enclosed in square brackets is omitted from N and M. (10) N: “by the statement of.” (11) The text enclosed between the asterisks is omitted from M.
وَإِذَا كَانَتْ صِفَةُ النَّبِيِّ الْمُحْدَثِ] (١) مُوَافِقَةً (٢) لَهُ فِي الْحُدُوثِ، لَمْ يَلْزَمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ نَبِيًّا مِثْلَهُ، فَكَذَلِكَ صِفَةُ الرَّبِّ اللَّازِمَةُ لَهُ إِذَا كَانَتْ قَدِيمَةً بِقِدَمِهِ لَمْ يَلْزَمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ إِلَهًا مِثْلَهُ. فَهَؤُلَاءِ مَذْهَبُهُمْ (٣) نَفْيُ صِفَاتِ الْكَمَالِ (٤) اللَّازِمَةِ لِذَاتِهِ، وَشُبْهَتُهُمُ الَّتِي أَشَارَ إِلَيْهَا (٥) ، أَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ قَدِيمَةً لَكَانَ الْقَدِيمُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ، كَمَا يَقُولُ ابْنُ سِينَا وَأَمْثَالُهُ. وَأَخَذَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ سِينَا وَأَمْثَالُهُ مِنَ الْمُتَفَلْسِفَةِ عَنِ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ، فَقَالُوا (٦) : لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ صِفَةً وَاجِبَةً (٧) لَكَانَ الْوَاجِبُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ، وَهَذَا تَلْبِيسٌ، فَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْإِلَهُ الْقَدِيمُ، أَوِ الْإِلَهُ الْوَاجِبُ، أَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ، فَالتَّلَازُمُ (٨) بَاطِلٌ، فَلَيْسَ يَجِبُ أَنْ تَكُونَ صِفَةُ الْإِلَهِ إِلَهًا، وَلَا صِفَةُ الْإِنْسَانِ إِنْسَانًا، وَلَا صِفَةُ النَّبِيِّ نَبِيًّا، [وَلَا صِفَةُ الْحَيَوَانِ حَيَوَانًا] (٩) . وَإِنْ أَرَادُوا أَنَّ الصِّفَةَ تُوصَفُ بِالْقِدَمِ (* كَمَا يُوصَفُ الْمَوْصُوفُ بِالْقِدَمِ، فَهُوَ كَقَوْلِ (١٠) الْقَائِلِ: تُوصَفُ صِفَةُ الْمُحْدَثِ بِالْحُدُوثِ *) (١١) ، كَمَا يُوصَفُ الْمَوْصُوفُ بِالْحُدُوثِ.
(١) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، وَسَبَقَ أَنْ أَشَرْتُ إِلَى بِدَايَةِ السَّقْطِ (ص [٠ - ٩] ٢٤) . (٢) ن، م: مُشَارِكَةً. (٣) ن، م: قَصْدُهُمْ. (٤) أ، ب: نَفِيُ صِفَاتِهِ. (٥) ن، م: وَشُبَهُهُمُ الَّتِي أَشَارُوا إِلَيْهَا. (٦) ن، م: وَأَخَذَ ابْنُ سِينَا ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمُتَفَلْسِفَةِ فَقَالَ:. . . وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٧) ن: وَاحِدَةً، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٨) ن، م: فَاللَّازِمُ. (٩) : مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (١٠) ن: بِقَوْلِ. (١١) : مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (م) .

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