Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

the Mu'tazila, from whom the later Shia adopted it. Shia books are replete with reliance in this matter upon Mu'tazilite methods (1). This began toward the end of the third century AH and became widespread in the fourth century AH, when al-Mufīd and his followers, such as al-Mūsawī and al-Tūsī, composed works for them (2).

As for the early Shia, the contrary position predominated among them, as was the view of the two Hishāms (3) and others like them. If this (4) position is true, it may be upheld and the Mu'tazila agreed with while still affirming the caliphate of the three. If it is false, there is no need for it. Rather—

(1) (N) and (M): *tarīq* (“method”). (2) Al-Mufīd, al-Mūsawī, and al-Tūsī have each been discussed above in this work, 1:58. On al-Mufīd, see also: al-Najāshī, *al-Rijāl*, pp. [0–9]11–316; al-'Āmilī, *A'yān al-Shī'a* (Beirut ed., 1959), vol. 46, pp. 20–26; al-Tūsī, *al-Fihrist* (2nd ed., Najaf, 1480/1961), pp. [0–9]86–187; Ibn al-Mutahhar, *Rijāl al-'Allāma al-Hillī* (2nd ed., Najaf, 1381/1961), p. [0–9]47; al-Ziriklī, *al-A'lām*, vol. 7, p. 245. On al-Mūsawī (al-Sharīf al-Murtadā), see also: *A'yān al-Shī'a*, vol. 41, pp. 188–197; al-Tūsī, *al-Fihrist*, pp. 125–126; *Rijāl al-'Allāma al-Hillī*, pp. [0–9]4–95; *Wafayāt al-A'yān*, vol. 3, pp. 3–6; al-Ziriklī, *al-A'lām*, vol. 5, p. 89. On al-Tūsī, see also: *A'yān al-Shī'a*, vol. 44, pp. 33–52; *Rijāl al-'Allāma al-Hillī*, p. 148; the introductions to *al-Fihrist* and *Rijāl al-Tūsī* (Najaf ed., 1961), both by Muhammad Sādiq Āl Bahr al-'Ulūm; and al-Ziriklī, *al-A'lām*, vol. 6, p. 315. (3) (N): *al-Hishāmiyyayn*; (M): *al-Qāsimiyyayn*. The intended persons are Hishām ibn al-Hakam and Hishām ibn Sālim al-Jawālīqī. They and their respective doctrines have already been discussed, 1:71. On Hishām ibn al-Hakam, see also: al-Najāshī, *al-Rijāl*, p. [0–9]38; *Lisān al-Mīzān*, vol. 6, p. 194; *A'yān al-Shī'a*, vol. 51, pp. 53–57; and *Rijāl al-Tūsī*, pp. 329–330, 362. On Hishām ibn Sālim al-Jawālīqī, see also: al-Najāshī, *al-Rijāl*, pp. 338–339; *A'yān al-Shī'a*, vol. 51, p. 60; and *Rijāl al-Tūsī*, pp. 329–363. (4) “This” is omitted from (A) and (B).
الْمُعْتَزِلَةُ، وَعَنْهُمْ أَخَذَ ذَلِكَ مُتَأَخِّرُو الشِّيعَةِ. وَكُتُبُ الشِّيعَةِ مَمْلُوءَةٌ بِالِاعْتِمَادِ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى طُرُقِ (١) الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ، وَهَذَا كَانَ مِنْ أَوَاخِرِ الْمِائَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، وَكَثُرَ فِي الْمِائَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ لَمَّا صَنَّفَ لَهُمُ الْمُفِيدُ وَأَتْبَاعُهُ كَالْمُوسَوِيِّ وَالطُّوسِيِّ (٢) . وَأَمَّا قُدَمَاءُ الشِّيعَةِ فَالْغَالِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدُّ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ، كَمَا هُوَ قَوْلُ الْهِشَامَيْنِ (٣) وَأَمْثَالِهِمَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا (٤) الْقَوْلُ حَقًّا أَمْكَنَ الْقَوْلُ بِهِ وَمُوَافَقَةُ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ مَعَ إِثْبَاتِ خِلَافَةِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ بَاطِلًا فَلَا حَاجَةَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا
(١) ن، م: طَرِيقِ. (٢) سَبَقَ الْكَلَامُ عَلَى كُلٍّ مِنَ الْمُفِيدِ وَالْمُوسَوِيِّ وَالطُّوسِيِّ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ١/٥٨. وَانْظُرْ تَرْجَمَةَ الْمُفِيدِ أَيْضًا فِي: الرِّجَالِ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ١١ - ٣١٦ ; أَعْيَانِ الشِّيعَةِ لِلْعَامِلِيِّ (ط. بَيْرُوتَ، ١٩٥٩) ٤٦/٢٠ - ٢٦ ; الْفِهْرِسْتِ لِلطُّوسِيِّ (الطَّبْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، النَّجَفِ ١٤٨٠/١٩٦١) ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٨٦ - ١٨٧ ; رِجَالِ الْعَلَّامَةِ الْحِلِّيِّ لِابْنِ الْمُطَهَّرِ (الطَّبْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، النَّجَفِ، ١٣٨١/١٩٦١) ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٤٧ ; الْأَعْلَامِ لِلزِّرِكْلِيِّ ٧/٢٤٥. وَانْظُرْ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الْمُوسَوِيِّ (الشَّرِيفِ الْمُرْتَضَى) أَيْضًا: أَعْيَانَ الشِّيعَةِ ٤١/١٨٨ - ١٩٧ ; الْفِهْرِسْتَ لِلطُّوسِيِّ، ص ١٢٥ - ١٢٦ ; رِجَالَ الْعَلَّامَةِ الْحِلِّيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٤ - ٩٥ ; وَفِيَّاتِ الْأَعْيَانِ ٣/٣ - ٦، الْأَعْلَامِ لِلزِّرِكْلِيِّ ٥/٨٩. وَانْظُرْ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الطُّوسِيِّ أَيْضًا: أَعْيَانَ الشِّيعَةِ ٤٤/٣٣ - ٥٢ ; رِجَالَ الْعَلَّامَةِ الْحِلِّيِّ، ص ١٤٨ مُقَدِّمَةَ كُلٍّ مَنْ: الْفِهْرِسْتِ، رِجَالِ الطُّوسِيِّ (ط. النَّجَفِ، ١٩٦١) بِقَلَمِ مُحَمَّدِ صَادِقْ آلِ بَحْرِ الْعُلُومِ ; الْأَعْلَامِ لِلزِّرِكْلِيِّ ٦/٣١٥. (٣) ن: الْهِشَامِيَّيْنِ ; م: الْقَاسِمِيَّيْنِ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ هِشَامُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْجَوَالِيقِيُّ، وَسَبَقَ الْكَلَامُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَعَلَى مَذْهَبَيْهِمَا ١/٧١. وَانْظُرْ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ أَيْضًا: الرِّجَالَ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٣٨ ; لِسَانَ الْمِيزَانِ ٦/١٩٤ ; أَعْيَانَ الشِّيعَةِ ٥١/٥٣ - ٥٧ ; رِجَالَ الطُّوسِيِّ، ص ٣٢٩ - ٣٣٠، ٣٦٢. وَانْظُرْ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ الْجَوَالِيقِيِّ أَيْضًا: الرِّجَالَ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ ص ٣٣٨ - ٣٣٩، أَعْيَانَ الشِّيعَةِ ٥١/٦٠ ; رِجَالَ الطُّوسِيِّ، ص ٣٢٩ - ٣٦٣. (٤) هَذَا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .

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