Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (2/95)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

or Umar. What befell Uthmān—may Allah be pleased with him—will be discussed later. During the caliphates of Abū Bakr, Umar, and Uthmān, no one was known as belonging to the Shīʿah, nor was any faction associated with anyone—not Uthmān, Alī, or anyone else. When Uthmān was killed, the Muslims divided: some sided with Uthmān, while others sided with Alī. The two factions fought, and Uthmān’s faction then killed members of Alī’s faction.

It is related in Sahīh Muslim from Saʿd ibn Hishām that he wished to fight in Allah’s cause and came to Medina. He intended to sell some real estate [he owned] there, spend the proceeds on weapons and mounts, and fight the Byzantines until he died. When he arrived in Medina, he met some of its inhabitants, who dissuaded him from doing so. They told him that six men had intended to do the same during the lifetime of the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—but Allah’s Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—forbade them and said:

“Do you not have in me an example to follow?”

When they told him this, he took back his wife, whom he had divorced, and called witnesses to attest that he had taken her back. He then went to Ibn Abbās and asked him about the Witr prayer of Allah’s Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Ibn Abbās said to him, “Shall I direct you to the person on earth who is most knowledgeable about the Witr prayer of Allah’s Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace?”

He asked, “Who?”

He replied, “Aisha—may Allah be pleased with her. Go and ask her, then return to me and tell me how she answered you.”

He said, “So I set out for her. I came upon Hakīm ibn Aflah and asked him to accompany me to her.

“He said, ‘I will not go near her, for I forbade her from saying anything about these two factions, yet she insisted on pressing ahead concerning them.’

“I adjured him, so he came along, and we went to Aisha—may Allah be pleased with her.” He then related the rest of the hadith (1).

(1) This is part of a lengthy hadith recorded in *Sahīh Muslim*, in the “Book of the Prayer of Travellers and Its Shortening,” chapter “A Comprehensive Account of the Night Prayer and of One Who Sleeps Through It or Is Ill,” 2:512–514. I collated the base text with *Sahīh Muslim* and found two discrepancies: “some real estate [that he owned] there,” as “that he owned” was omitted from the base text; and “a group of six men,” where the base text has سِتًّا instead of سِتَّةً. Ibn Taymiyyah cited the hadith because of Hakīm ibn Aflah’s statement: “For I forbade her from saying anything about these two factions.” This indicates when the expression “the two factions” came into use, referring to Alī’s supporters and the supporters of the *ashāb al-Jamal* (the People of the Camel). *Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb*, 2:444, states: “Hakīm ibn Aflah was from the Hijaz. He narrated from Ibn Masūd and Aisha … Ibn Hibbān included him in *al-Thiqāt*.”

وَعُمَرَ، وَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَى مَا جَرَى لِعُثْمَانَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، فَفِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يُسَمَّى مِنَ الشِّيعَةِ، وَلَا تُضَافُ الشِّيعَةُ إِلَى أَحَدٍ، لَا عُثْمَانَ وَلَا عَلِيٍّ وَلَا غَيْرِهِمَا، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ تَفَرَّقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَمَالَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ، وَمَالَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، وَاقْتَتَلَتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ، وَقَتَلَ حِينَئِذٍ شِيعَةُ عُثْمَانَ شِيعَةَ عَلِيٍّ. وَفِي صَحِيحٍ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَبِيعَ عَقَارًا [لَهُ] بِهَا، فَيَجْعَلَهُ فِي السِّلَاحِ وَالْكُرَاعِ، وَيُجَاهِدَ الرُّومَ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ لَقِيَ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَنَهَوْهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ رَهْطًا سِتَّةً أَرَادُوا ذَلِكَ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَنَهَاهُمْ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَقَالَ: " أَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِي أُسْوَةٌ؟ " فَلَمَّا حَدَّثُوهُ بِذَلِكَ رَاجَعَ امْرَأَتَهَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى رَجْعَتِهَا. فَأَتَى ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ وِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَلَا أَدُلَّكَ عَلَى أَعْلَمِ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ بِوِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -؟ قَالَ: مَنْ؟ قَالَ: عَائِشَةُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، فَأْتِهَا فَاسْأَلْهَا، ثُمَّ ائْتِنِي فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِرَدِّهَا عَلَيْكَ. قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَيْهَا، فَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى حَكِيمِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ، فَاسْتَلْحَقْتُهُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: مَا أَنَا بِقَارِبِهَا ; لِأَنِّي نَهَيْتُهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الشِّيعَتَيْنِ شَيْئًا فَأَبَتْ فِيهِمَا إِلَّا مُضِيًّا. قَالَ: فَأَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَجَاءَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ (١) .

(١) هَذَا جُزْءٌ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ وَرَدَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ فِي: (كِتَابُ صَلَاةِ الْمُسَافِرِينَ وَقَصْرِهَا، بَابُ جَامِعِ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ وَمَنْ نَامَ عَنْهُ أَوْ مَرِضَ) ٢/٥١٢ - ٥١٤، وَقَدْ قَابَلْتُ مَا فِي الْأَصْلِ عَلَى مَا فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ فَوَجَدْتُ خِلَافَيْنِ: عَقَارًا (لَهُ) بِهَا، إِذْ كَانَتْ " لَهُ " سَاقِطَةً مِنَ الْأَصْلِ، وَرَهْطًا سِتَّةً إِذْ كَانَتْ فِي الْأَصْلِ " سِتًّا ". وَقَصَدَ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ بِإِيرَادِ الْحَدِيثِ قَوْلَ حَكِيمِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ: " لِأَنِّي نَهَيْتُهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الشَّيْعَتَيْنِ شَيْئًا " إِذْ أَنَّ هَذَا يُبَيِّنُ تَارِيخَ اسْتِعْمَالِ كَلِمَةِ " الشِّيعَتَيْنِ " وَالْمَقْصُودُ بِهِمَا شِيعَةُ عَلِيٍّ وَشِيعَةُ أَصْحَابِ الْجَمَلِ. وَفِي تَهْذِيبِ التَّهْذِيبِ ٢/٤٤٤: حَكِيمُ بْنُ أَفْلَحَ حِجَازِيٌّ، رَوَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَائِشَةَ. . . ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ حَبَّانَ فِي الثِّقَاتِ.