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grown weary of them, and they have grown weary of me. So replace them for me with people better than they, and replace me for them with someone worse than me.” (1)
They would deal deceitfully with him, correspond with those fighting him, and betray his trust concerning provincial offices and funds.
Moreover, they had not yet become Rāfidis at that time. They were called the Shia of Alī only when the people split into two factions: one faction supported the allies of Uthmān, while the other supported Alī [may Allah be pleased with them both] (2).
Those were the best of the Shia, yet they were among the worst of all people in their treatment of Alī [ibn Abī Tālib
(1) In Ibn Sa'd’s *al-Tabaqāt* (vol. 3): “Yazīd ibn Hārūn informed us, saying: Hishām ibn Hassān ibn Muhammad narrated from Abīda, who said: Alī said, ‘What is preventing the most wretched of you from coming to kill me? O Allah, I have grown weary of them, and they have grown weary of me. Grant them relief from me and grant me relief from them.’” Ibn Abd al-Barr also relates in *al-Istiāb* (3:61–62) a report from Abū Abd al-Rahmān al-Sulamī, who narrated it from al-Hasan, from his father. It states: “My son, I saw the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—while I was asleep. I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—what crookedness and bitter contentiousness I have endured from your community!’ He replied, ‘Pray to Allah against them.’ I therefore said, ‘O Allah, replace them for me with people better than they, and replace me for them with someone worse than me.’”
(2) “May Allah be pleased with them both” is an addition in A and B. Ibn Taymiyya previously stated (this book, 1:36) that the designation *Rāfida* arose only when the Shia rejected Zayd ibn Alī ibn al-Husayn during the caliphate of Hishām, after 120 AH, and that before then they were known by a different designation. Works on sects agree that they were called the Shia because they supported Alī—may Allah be pleased with him. In his annotation on al-Asharī’s words in *Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn* (1:65), Shaykh Muhammad Muhyī al-Dīn Abd al-Hamīd quotes what Abū Saīd Nashwān al-Himyarī wrote in *al-Hūr al-Īn*: “Al-Jāhiz related that, in the earliest period, only someone who gave Alī precedence over Uthmān was called a Shia. Hence the terms ‘Shia’ and ‘Uthmānī’ were used: a Shia was someone who gave Alī precedence over Uthmān, while an Uthmānī was someone who gave Uthmān precedence over Alī.” See also al-Himyarī’s discussion of the origin of the name Shia, their initial emergence, and their division into sects after the killing of al-Husayn: *al-Hūr al-Īn*, pp. 178–182 [n. ed.], al-Khānjī and al-Muthannā, 1948.
سَئِمْتُهُمْ وَسَئِمُونِي، فَأَبْدِلْنِي بِهِمْ خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ، وَأَبْدِلْهُمْ بِي شَرًّا مِنِّي
(١)
وَقَدْ كَانُوا يَغُشُّونَهُ وَيُكَاتِبُونَ مَنْ يُحَارِبُهُ، وَيَخُونُونَهُ فِي الْوِلَايَاتِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ.
هَذَا وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا بَعْدُ صَارُوا رَافِضَةً،
إِنَّمَا سُمُّوا شِيعَةَ عَلِيٍّ لَمَّا افْتَرَقَ النَّاسُ فِرْقَتَيْنِ:
فِرْقَةٌ شَايَعَتْ أَوْلِيَاءَ عُثْمَانَ، وَفِرْقَةٌ شَايَعَتْ عَلِيًّا
[رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا]
(٢)
فَأُولَئِكَ خِيَارُ الشِّيعَةِ، وَهُمْ مِنْ شَرِّ النَّاسِ مُعَامَلَةً لِعَلِيِّ [بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ
(١) فِي طَبَقَاتِ ابْنِ سَعْدٍ (٣) : " قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: مَا يَحْبِسُ أَشْقَاكُمْ أَنْ يَجِيءَ فَيَقْتُلَنِي؟ اللَّهُمَّ قَدْ سَئِمْتُهُمْ وَسَئِمُونِي فَأَرِحْهُمْ مِنِّي وَأَرِحْنِي مِنْهُمْ ". وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الْبَرِّ فِي الِاسْتِيعَابِ (٣/٦١ - ٦٢) خَبَرًا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ رَوَاهُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَفِيهِ: " يَا بُنَيَّ، رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي نَوْمَةٍ نِمْتُهَا. فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَاذَا لَقِيتَ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ مِنَ الْأَوَدِ وَاللَّدَدِ! فَقَالَ: ادْعُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَبْدِلْنِي بِهِمْ خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ وَأَبْدِلْهُمْ بِي مَنْ هُوَ شَرٌّ مِنِّي "،
(٢) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ مِنْ قَبْلُ (هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ١ - ٣٦) أَنَّ لَفْظَ الرَّافِضَةِ إِنَّمَا ظَهَرَ لَمَّا رَفَضَ الشِّيعَةُ زَيْدَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ فِي خِلَافَةِ هِشَامٍ، بَعْدَ الْعِشْرِينَ وَالْمِائَةِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَمَّوْنَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ الِاسْمِ. وَقَدِ اتَّفَقَتْ كُتُبُ الْفِرَقِ عَلَى أَنَّ سَبَبَ اسْمِ الشِّيعَةِ هُوَ أَنَّهُمْ شَايَعُوا عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ. وَنَقَلَ الشَّيْخُ مُحَمَّد مُحْيِي الدِّين عَبْد الْحَمِيد، فِي تَعْلِيقِهِ عَلَى كَلَامِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ فِي مَقَالَاتِ الْإِسْلَامِيِّينَ (١/٦٥) مَا ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ نَشْوَانُ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ فِي " الْحُورِ الْعِينِ " وَجَاءَ فِيهِ: " وَحَكَى الْجَاحِظُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي الصَّدْرِ الْأَوَّلِ لَا يُسَمَّى شِيعِيًّا إِلَّا مَنْ قَدَّمَ عَلِيًّا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ، وَلِذَلِكَ قِيلَ: شِيعِيٌّ وَعُثْمَانِيٌّ، فَالشِّيعِيُّ مَنْ قَدَّمَ عَلَّيَا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ، وَالْعُثْمَانِيُّ مَنْ قَدَّمَ عُثْمَانُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ ". وَانْظُرْ كَلَامَ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ عَنْ أَصْلِ تَسْمِيَةِ الشِّيعَةِ وَعَنْ بَدْءِ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَافْتِرَاقِهِمْ بَعْدَ مَقْتَلِ الْحُسَيْنِ: الْحُورِ الْعِينِ، ص ١٧٨ - ١٨٢ ن ط. الْخَانْجِيِّ وَالْمُثَنَّى، ١٩٤٨. .