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and Umar.
Ibn al-Qāsim said:
“I asked Mālik about Abū Bakr and Umar.” *) (1)
He replied:
“I have never seen anyone [among those] (2) whose example I follow (3) doubt that the two of them take precedence”—meaning over Alī and Uthmān (4). He thus related the consensus of the people of Medina (5) that the two of them take precedence.
The people of Medina were not partial to Banū Umayyah as the people of al-Shām were. Rather, they renounced their pledge of allegiance to Yazīd, who fought them in the year of al-Harrah, and what happened in Medina happened (6). Nor had Alī (7) killed any of them, as he had killed some of the people of Basra and of the people of (8) al-Shām. Rather, they regarded him (9) as one of the scholars of Medina until he left it, and they were
(1) The text between the two asterisks is omitted from A and B.
(2) “Among those” is omitted from N and M.
(3) In al-Muntaqā min Minhāj al-I‘tidāl by al-Dhahabī, p. 78, it reads: “by whom I am guided.”
(4) I previously quoted al-Saffārīnī (p. [0–9] 4 t [0–9]) as saying: “Abū Abd Allāh al-Māzarī related from al-Mudawwanah that Mālik was asked, ‘Who are the best people after their Prophet?’ He replied, ‘Abū Bakr and Umar.’ He then said, ‘Can there be any doubt about that?’”
(5) N and M read: “the Sunnah”; this is an error.
(6) Ibn Taymiyyah is referring to the events of 63 AH, when the people of Medina expelled Yazīd ibn Muāwiyah’s governor, Uthmān ibn Muhammad ibn Abī Sufyān, from the city, publicly renounced Yazīd, and besieged the members of Banū Umayyah who were in Medina. Yazīd sent Muslim ibn Uqbah against them, and he fought and subdued them. The event became known as the Incident of al-Harrah, after Harrat Wāqim. This occurred in Dhu al-Hijjah of 63 AH. See Tārīkh al-Tabarī (al-Maārif ed.), events of 63 AH, 5:482–495; Murūj al-Dhahab, 3:78–80; Siyar A‘lām al-Nubalā’, 3:217–220; Yāqūt, Mu‘jam al-Buldān, s.v. “Harrat Wāqim”; Encyclopaedia of Islam, s.v. “Harrah.”
(7) “Alī” is omitted from M.
(8) N and M read: “and the people of.”
(9) N and M read: “Rather, he was regarded.”
وَعُمَرَ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْقَاسِمِ:
سَأَلْتُ مَالِكًا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ *)
(١)
،
فَقَالَ:
مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا
[مِمَّنْ]
(٢)
أَقْتَدِي بِهِ
(٣)
يَشُكُّ فِي تَقْدِيمِهِمَا، يَعْنِي عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ
(٤)
، فَحَكَى إِجْمَاعَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ
(٥)
عَلَى تَقْدِيمِهِمَا.
وَأَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مَائِلِينَ إِلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ كَمَا كَانَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ، بَلْ قَدْ خَلَعُوا بَيْعَةَ يَزِيدَ، وَحَارَبَهُمْ عَامَ الْحَرَّةِ وَجَرَى بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَا جَرَى
(٦)
، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَيْضًا قَتَلَ عَلِيٌّ
(٧)
مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا كَمَا قَتَلَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ
(٨)
الشَّامِ بَلْ كَانُوا يَعُدُّونَهُ
(٩)
مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى أَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا، وَهُمْ
(١) : مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) .
(٢) مِمَّنْ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٣) فِي الْمُنْتَقَى: مِنْ مِنْهَاجِ الِاعْتِدَالِ لِلذَّهَبِيِّ، ص ٧٨: أَهْتَدِي بِهِ.
(٤) سَبَقَ أَنْ نَقَلْتُ (ص [٠ - ٩] ٤ ت [٠ - ٩] ) عَنِ السَّفَارِينِيِّ قَوْلَهُ: " فَقَدْ حَكَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَازِرِيُّ عَنِ الْمُدَوَّنَةِ أَنَّ مَالِكًا سُئِلَ: أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَفْضَلُ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَوَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَكٌّ؟ ".
(٥) ن، م: السُّنَّةِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ.
(٦) يُشِيرُ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ إِلَى مَا جَرَى سَنَةَ ٦٣ هـ، عِنْدَمَا أَخْرَجَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ عَامِلَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَظْهَرُوا خَلْعَ يَزِيدَ وَحَاصَرُوا مَنْ كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَزِيدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ وَأَخْضَعَهُمْ، وَعُرِفَتِ الْوَاقِعَةُ بِوَاقِعَةِ الْحَرَّةِ نِسْبَةً إِلَى حَرَّةِ وَاقِمٍ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ سَنَةَ ٦٣. انْظُرْ تَارِيخَ الطَّبَرِيِّ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) أَحْدَاثَ سَنَةَ ٦٣: ٥/٤٨٢ - ٤٩٥ ; مُرُوجَ الذَّهَبِ ٣/٧٨ - ٨٠ ; سِيَرَ أَعْلَامِ النُّبَلَاءِ ٣/٢١٧ - ٢٢٠ ; يَاقُوتَ: مُعْجَمَ الْبُلْدَانِ، مَادَّةُ " حَرَّةُ وَاقِمٍ " ; دَائِرَةَ الْمَعَارِفِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ: مَادَّةُ " حَرَّةُ ".
(٧) عَلَى: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (م) .
(٨) ن، م: وَأَهْلِ.
(٩) ن، م: بَلْ كَانَ يُعَدُّ.