16
and so do the believers (—to accept anyone but Abu Bakr (1).” Thus Allah and His believing servants refused) (2) to allow anyone other than Abu Bakr to assume authority (3). Allah Himself appointed him, both by His decree and by His Law; He commanded the believers to accept his leadership and guided them to appoint him, although he had not sought it for himself.
[The Third Point: Demonstrating the Asceticism of Abu Bakr and Those Who Pledged Allegiance to Him]
The third point is this: Suppose, for argument’s sake, that he sought it and that most people pledged allegiance to him. Your claim that this was a pursuit of worldly gain is manifestly false. Abu Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him (4)—offered them no worldly benefits. He had already spent his wealth during the lifetime of the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him.
“When the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—encouraged charity, Abu Bakr brought all his wealth. The Prophet asked him:
‘What have you left for your family?’
He replied:
‘I have left them Allah and His Messenger.’” (5)
(1) This hadith appeared previously at three places in the first volume of this edition (pp. [0–9]92, 496, and 511). I stated earlier, at 1/492 (n. [0–9]), that it is found in al-Bukhārī, 9/80–81; Muslim, 4/1857 (Book of the Merits of the Companions, “The Merits of the Companions,” “The Merits of Abū Bakr…”); and *Musnad Ahmad* (al-Halabī ed.), 6/47, 106, and 124, with variations in wording.
(2) The text between the two asterisks is absent from A and B.
(3) N and M read: *yuwallū* (“that they appoint [anyone other than Abū Bakr]”).
(4) “May Allah be pleased with him” is absent from A and B.
(5) Al-Bukhārī, 2/112 (Book of the Night Prayer, “No Charity Except from a Position of Sufficiency”), states that Abū Bakr gave all his wealth in charity. Abū Dāwūd, 2/173–174 (Book of Zakāt, “The Concession Permitting This”), relates the hadith concerning his donation from Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, who said: I heard Umar ibn al-Khattāb—may Allah be pleased with him—say: “One day, the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—commanded us to give charity. I happened at that time to have some wealth, so I said, ‘Today I shall outdo Abū Bakr, if ever I can outdo him.’ I therefore brought half of my wealth. The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—asked, ‘What have you left for your family?’ I replied, ‘The same amount.’ Abū Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—then brought everything he possessed. The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—asked him, ‘What have you left for your family?’ He replied, ‘I have left them Allah and His Messenger.’ I said, ‘I shall never compete with you in anything again.’” The hadith is also found in *Sahih al-Tirmidhī*, 5/277 (Book of Virtues, a chapter on the same subject). Al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a sound and authentic hadith.” It is also found in *Sunan al-Dārimī*, 1/391–392 (Book of Zakāt, “A Man Giving in Charity Everything He Possesses”).
وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ
(* إِلَّا أَبَا بَكْرٍ (١)
، فَأَبَى اللَّهُ وَعِبَادُهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ *)
(٢)
. أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى
(٣)
. غَيْرُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَاللَّهُ هُوَ وَلَّاهُ قَدَرًا وَشَرْعًا، وَأَمَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِوِلَايَتِهِ، وَهَدَاهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ وَلَّوْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَكُونَ طَلَبَ ذَلِكَ لِنَفْسِهِ ".
[الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ في بيان زهد أبي بكر وزهد من بايعه]
الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
أَنْ يُقَالَ: فَهَبْ أَنَّهُ طَلَبَهَا وَبَايَعَهُ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ،
فَقَوْلُكُمْ:
إِنْ ذَلِكَ طَلَبٌ لِلدُّنْيَا كَذِبٌ ظَاهِرٌ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -
(٤)
. لَمْ يُعْطِهِمْ دُنْيَا، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَنْفَقَ مَالَهُ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ،
«وَلَمَّا رَغَّبَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي الصَّدَقَةِ جَاءَ بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ،
فَقَالَ لَهُ:
مَا تَرَكْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟
قَالَ:
تَرَكْتُ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ»
(٥)
.
(١) سَبَقَ وُرُودُ الْحَدِيثِ فِي الْجُزْءِ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الطَّبْعَةِ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ مَوَاضِعَ (ص [٠ - ٩] ٩٢، ٤٩٦، ٥١١) وَذَكَرْتُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ١/٤٩٢ (ت [٠ - ٩] ) أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٩/٨٠ - ٨١ ; مُسْلِمٍ ٤/١٨٥٧ (كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، بَابُ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، بَابُ فَضَائِلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ. .) ; مُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٦/٤٧، ١٠٦، ١٢٤ (مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ) .
(٢) مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب)
(٣) ن، م: يُوَلُّوا
(٤) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: لَيْسَ فِي (أ) ، (ب)
(٥) ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ ٢/١١٢ (كِتَابُ التَّهَجُّدِ، بَابُ لَا صَدَقَةَ إِلَّا عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى) أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَصَدَّقَ بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ. وَأَوْرَدَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ (٢/١٧٣ - ١٧٤) (كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ، بَابٌ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ) حَدِيثَ تَصَدَّقَهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ - عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَوْمًا أَنْ نَتَصَدَّقَ، فَوَافَقَ ذَلِكَ مَالًا عِنْدِي فَقُلْتُ: الْيَوْمَ أَسْبِقُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنْ سَبَقْتُهُ يَوْمًا، فَجِئْتُ بِنِصْفِ مَالِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟ قُلْتُ: مِثْلَهُ. قَالَ: وَأَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - بِكُلِّ مَا عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَبْقَيْتُ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ. قُلْتُ: لَا أُسَابِقُكَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ أَبَدًا. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي صَحِيحِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٥/٢٧٧ (كِتَابُ الْمَنَاقِبِ، بَابٌ مِنْهُ) وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي: سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ١/٣٩١ - ٣٩٢ (كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ، بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِجَمِيعِ مَا عِنْدَهُ.)