Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (2/47)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

[Surah Āl Imrān: 28]

This merely commands believers to guard themselves against the disbelievers (1); it is not a command (2) to engage in hypocrisy and lying.

Allah Most High has permitted anyone compelled to utter a word of disbelief to do so, provided that his heart remains secure in faith. Yet no member of the Prophet’s Household was compelled to do any [of that] (3). Indeed, Abu Bakr [may Allah be pleased with him]—may Allah be pleased with him—(4) did not compel anyone, whether from among them or anyone else, to pledge allegiance to him (5), let alone compel them to praise and extol him. Rather, Ali and other members of the Prophet’s Household openly mentioned (6) the virtues of the Companions, praised them, prayed that Allah have mercy upon them, and supplicated for them. By universal agreement, no one compelled them to do any of this.

During the eras of the Umayyads and the Abbasids, there was a vast multitude (7) of people who fell short of Ali and others (8) in faith and piety. They disapproved of certain things about those rulers; they neither praised nor extolled them, nor did they draw near to them. Despite this, these people did not fear them, nor did those rulers compel them—even though, by universal agreement, the [Rightly Guided] (9) Caliphs were

(1) Al-Tabarī states in his Tafsīr (al-Maʿārif ed.), 6:316: “The taqiyyah mentioned by Allah in this verse applies only in relation to disbelievers, not to anyone else.” (2) N, M: “a command.” (3) The words “any of that” are absent from N and M. (4) The phrase “may Allah be pleased with him” is an addition in A and B. (5) A, B: “following him.” (6) N, M: “some mention of.” (7) M: “a great many people.” (8) N, M: “and others.” (9) The word “Rightly Guided” is absent from N and M.

[سُورَةُ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ٢٨] إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْأَمْرُ بِالِاتِّقَاءِ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ (١) . لَا الْأَمْرُ (٢) . بِالنِّفَاقِ وَالْكَذِبِ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَبَاحَ لِمَنْ أُكْرِهَ عَلَى كَلِمَةِ الْكُفْرِ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَا إِذَا كَانَ قَلْبُهُ مُطَمْئِنًا بِالْإِيمَانِ، لَكِنْ لَمْ يُكْرِهْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ [مِنْ ذَلِكَ] (٣) ، حَتَّى أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ [رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ] رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: (٤) . لَمْ يُكْرِهْ أَحَدًا لَا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ عَلَى مُبَايَعَتِهِ (٥) ، فَضْلًا أَنْ يُكْرِهَهُمْ عَلَى مَدْحِهِ وَالثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ، بَلْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ يُظْهِرُونَ ذِكْرَ (٦) . فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالثَّنَاءَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَالتَّرَحُّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَالدُّعَاءَ لَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يُكْرِهُهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ بِاتِّفَاقِ النَّاسِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي زَمَنِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَبَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ خَلْقٌ عَظِيمٌ (٧) . دُونَ عَلِيٍّ وَغَيْرِهِ (٨) . فِي الْإِيمَانِ وَالتَّقْوَى يَكْرَهُونَ مِنْهُمْ أَشْيَاءَ وَلَا يَمْدَحُونَهُمْ وَلَا يَثْنُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يُقَرِّبُونَهُمْ، وَمَعَ هَذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ هَؤُلَاءِ يَخَافُونَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أُولَئِكَ يُكْرِهُونَهُمْ، مَعَ أَنَّ الْخُلَفَاءَ [الرَّاشِدِينَ] (٩) . كَانُوا بِاتِّفَاقِ الْخَلْقِ

(١) يَقُولُ الطَّبَرِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ٦/٣١٦: " فَالتَّقِيَّةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللَّهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ تَقِيَّةٌ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ لَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ " (٢) ن، م: أَمَرَ (٣) مِنْ ذَلِكَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٤) زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) (٥) أ، ب: مُتَابَعَتِهِ (٦) ن، م: مِنْ ذِكْرِ (٧) م: خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ عَظِيمٌ (٨) ن، م: وَغَيْرِهِمْ (٩) الرَّاشِدِينَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م)