16
Bakr and Umar. She said:
“Why are you surprised at this? (1) Their deeds have ceased, so Allah wished not to cut off their reward.” (2)
Ibn Battah narrated with a sound chain of transmission from Abd Allāh ibn Ahmad (*, who said: My father narrated to me: Muāwiyah (3) narrated to us. Rajā narrated to us from Mujāhid, from Ibn Abbās [may Allah be pleased with them both] (4), who said:
“Do not revile the Companions of Muhammad (5), for Allah commanded (6) that forgiveness be sought for them, even though He knew that they would fight one another.” (7)
(1) N and M read: “of that.”
(2) I was unable to locate this report in *Sahīh Muslim*.
(3) N reads: “Abū Muʿāwiya.” The correct reading may be “Ibn Muʿāwiya,” namely Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya al-Fazārī. Ahmad ibn Hanbal said that he was a reliable authority with an excellent memory (*al-Jarh wa-l-Taʿdīl*, vol. [0–9], pt. [0–9], p. [0–9]73). Ibn Hajar states (*Lisān al-Mīzān*, 2/455) that he narrated from Rajāʾ ibn al-Hārith, Abū Saʿīd ibn ʿAwadh, who narrated from Mujāhid. See also *al-Jarh wa-l-Taʿdīl*, vol. [0–9], pt. [0–9], pp. [0–9]01–502; Ibn al-Jawzī, *Manāqib al-Imām Ahmad ibn Hanbal* (al-Khānjī ed., Cairo, 1399), p. [0–9]5.
(4) “May Allah be pleased with them both” is added in A and B.
(5) *Al-Ibāna*, p. 15, reads: “the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace.”
(6) A and B read: “He has commanded us.” The adopted reading is from N and *al-Ibāna*.
(7) This report occurs in Ibn Batta al-ʿUkbarī’s *al-Sharh wa-l-Ibāna ʿalā Usūl al-Diyāna*, p. [0–9]5, edited by Professor Henri Laoust (Institut Français, Damascus, 1958). However, this published edition appears to derive from an abridged recension of the original work, since all the chains of transmission for its hadiths and reports have been omitted. The author notes this in the book’s introduction (p. [0–9]).
The report appears there as follows: “Ibn ʿAbbās said: ‘Do not revile...’” and so forth. Ibn Abī Yaʿlā states (*Tabaqāt al-Hanābila*, 2/152) that Ibn Batta authored both *al-Ibāna al-Kubrā* and *al-Ibāna al-Sughrā*. It is therefore most likely that the published work is the latter, particularly since the incomplete manuscript preserved in the Taymūriyya Collection at the Egyptian National Library—which comprises only the second volume of *al-Ibāna*—contains seven parts. See *Catalogue of the Taymūriyya Collection*, 4/3 (Egyptian National Library Press, 1369/1950).
Ibn Taymiyya cites this report in *al-Sārim al-Maslūl*, p. 574: “From Mujāhid, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: ‘Do not revile the Companions of Muhammad, for Allah commanded that forgiveness be sought for them, though He knew that they would fight one another.’” It was narrated by Imam Ahmad and appears in *Fadāʾil al-Sahāba*, no. 18–1741.
بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ،
فَقَالَتْ:
وَمَا تَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ هَذَا؟
(١)
انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْعَمَلُ فَأَحَبَّ اللَّهُ أَنْ لَا يَقْطَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْأَجْرَ
(٢)
.
وَرَوَى ابْنُ بَطَّةَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ
(* قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةَ (٣)
. حَدَّثَنَا رَجَاءٌ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
[رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا]
(٤)
.
قَالَ:
لَا تَسُبُّوا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ
(٥)
-. فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَرَ
(٦)
. بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُمْ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُمْ سَيَقْتَتِلُونَ
(٧)
.
(١) ن، م: مِنْ ذَلِكَ.
(٢) لَمْ أَسْتَطِعِ الْعُثُورَ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَثَرِ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ
(٣) ن: أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَلَعَلَّ الصَّوَابَ ابْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَهُوَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْفَزَارِيُّ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: إِنَّهُ ثَبْتٌ حَافِظٌ (الْجَرْحِ وَالتَّعْدِيلِ، ج [٠ - ٩] ، ق [٠ - ٩] ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٧٣) . وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ (لِسَانِ الْمِيزَانِ ٢/٤٥٥) أَنَّهُ رَوَى عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَوْذٍ وَهُوَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ. وَانْظُرِ الْجَرْحَ وَالتَّعْدِيلَ: ج [٠ - ٩] ، ق [٠ - ٩] ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٠١ - ٥٠٢ ; مَنَاقِبَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ لِابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ (ط. الْخَانْجِيِّ بِالْقَاهِرَةِ، ١٣٩٩) ص [٠ - ٩] ٥
(٤) رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب)
(٥) فِي كِتَابِ الْإِبَانَةِ ص ١٥: أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدٍ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
(٦) أ، ب: قَدْ أَمَرَنَا، وَالْمُثْبَتُ عَنْ (ن) وَعَنْ كِتَابِ الْإِبَانَةِ
(٧) وَرَدَ هَذَا الْأَثَرُ فِي كِتَابِ " الشَّرْحِ وَالْإِبَانَةِ عَلَى أُصُولِ الدِّيَانَةِ " لِابْنِ بَطَّةَ الْعَكْبَرِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٥، بِتَحْقِيقِ الْأُسْتَاذِ هِنْرِي لَاوِسْت، طَبْعَةُ الْمَعْهَدِ الْفَرَنْسِيِّ، دِمَشْقَ، ١٩٥٨. وَلَكِنْ يَبْدُو أَنَّ هَذِهِ النُّسْخَةُ الْمَنْشُورَةُ هِيَ عَنْ نُسْخَةٍ مُخْتَصَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْلِ الْكِتَابِ، إِذْ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ أَسَانِيدِ الْأَحَادِيثِ وَالْآثَارِ فِيهَا مَحْذُوفَةٌ. وَقَدْ أَشَارَ الْمُؤَلِّفُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فِي مُقَدِّمَةِ الْكِتَابِ (ص [٠ - ٩] ) .
وَالْأَثَرُ يَبْدُو فِيهِ هَكَذَا: وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَا تَسُبُّوا. . إِلَخْ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ أَبِي يَعْلَى (طَبَقَاتِ الْحَنَابِلَةِ ٢/١٥٢) أَنَّ لِابْنِ بَطَّةَ: الْإِبَانَةُ الْكُبْرَى وَالْإِبَانَةُ الصُّغْرَى، فَالْأَرْجَحُ أَنَّ الْمَنْشُورَ هُوَ الصَّغِيرَةُ، خَاصَّةً وَأَنَّ النُّسْخَةَ الْخَطِّيَّةَ النَّاقِصَةَ مِنَ الْكُتَّابِ الْمَوْجُودَةِ بِالْخِزَانَةِ التَّيْمُورِيَّةِ بِدَارِ الْكُتُبِ الْمِصْرِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ الْمُجَلَّدُ الثَّانِي فَقَطْ مِنَ الْإِبَانَةِ، بِهَا سَبْعَةُ أَجْزَاءٍ. انْظُرْ فِهْرِسَ الْخِزَانَةِ التَّيْمُورِيَةِ ٤/٣ مَطْبَعَةُ دَارِ الْكُتُبِ الْمِصْرِيَّةِ ١٣٦٩/١٩٥٠. وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَ ابْنُ تَيْمِيَّةَ هَذَا الْأَثَرَ فِي الصَّارِمِ الْمَسْلُولِ، ص ٥٧٤: " عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَا تَسُبُّوا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَرَ بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُمْ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ سَيَقْتَتِلُونَ " رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ. وَهُوَ فِي " فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ " رَقْمُ ١٨ - ١٧٤١