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—peace and blessings be upon him—and we pledged allegiance to him. He said (1) that among the commitments he took from us was our pledge to hear and obey, whether eager or reluctant, in hardship and ease, and even when others were preferred over us; and that we would not contest authority with those who held it unless we saw manifest unbelief for which we had proof from Allah.’” (2)
In Sahih Muslim, ‘Arfajah ibn Shurayh said:
I heard the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—say:
“There will indeed be troubles and upheavals. Whoever seeks to divide this community while it is united, strike him with the sword, whoever he may be.” (3)
Another wording reads:
“Whoever comes to you while you are united under a single leader, seeking to shatter your unity or divide (4) your community, kill him.” (5)
(1) A and B read: *fa-kāna* (“and it was”).
(2) This hadith appeared previously in other wordings (p. 118, n. 5). In this recension, it is narrated from Ubādah ibn al-Sāmit—may Allah be pleased with him—in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, 9:47 (Book of Tribulations, “The Prophet’s Statement—peace and blessings be upon him—‘After me, you will see things of which you disapprove…’”); *Sahīh Muslim*, 3:1470–1471 (Book of Leadership, “The Obligation to Obey Rulers in Matters Not Involving Sin”); and *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 5:314. *Lisān al-Arab* states: “*Bawh* means a thing becoming manifest.… In the hadith, ‘unless it is *kufr bawāh* (manifest unbelief),’ it means openly.” Al-Nawawī states in his commentary, 12:229: “What is meant here by unbelief is acts of disobedience. ‘For which you have proof from Allah’ means that you know this from the religion of Allah Most High.”
(3) The hadith is narrated from Arfajah ibn Shurayh al-Aslamī—may Allah be pleased with him—in *Sahīh Muslim*, 3:1479 (Book of Leadership, “The Ruling on One Who Divides the Muslims While They Are United”); *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4:334 (Book of the Sunnah, “Concerning the Killing of the Kharijites”); and *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 4:341, in two places. Al-Nawawī states in his commentary on Muslim, 12:241: “*Hanāt* is the plural of *hanah* and may refer to anything. Here, it means tribulations and newly introduced matters.”
(4) N, M, and A read: “and divide.”
(5) The hadith is found in *Sahīh Muslim*, 3:1480 (at the preceding reference), where it reads: “while your affairs are united under one man.”
- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَبَايَعْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ
(١)
فِيمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ بَايَعْنَا عَلَى:
" السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، فِي مَنْشَطِنَا وَمَكْرَهِنَا، وَعُسْرِنَا وَيُسْرِنَا، وَأَثَرَةٍ عَلَيْنَا، وَأَنْ لَا نُنَازِعَ الْأَمْرَ أَهْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَرَوْا كُفْرًا بَوَاحًا عِنْدَكُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ بُرْهَانٌ»
(٢)
"
.
وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ:
سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
يَقُولُ:
"
«إِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ هَنَاتٌ وَهَنَاتٌ، فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنَّ يُفَرِّقَ أَمْرَ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَهِيَ جَمِيعٌ فَاضْرِبُوهُ بِالسَّيْفِ كَائِنًا مَنْ كَانَ»
(٣)
"
.
وَفِي لَفْظٍ:
" «مَنْ أَتَاكُمْ وَأَمْرُكُمْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَشُقَّ عَصَاكُمْ أَوْ يُفَرِّقَ
(٤)
جَمَاعَتَكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُ»
(٥)
"
.
(١) أ، ب: فَكَانَ.
(٢) هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ سَبَقَ وُرُودُهُ بِأَلْفَاظٍ أُخْرَى (ص ١١٨ ت ٥) وَهُوَ بِهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٩/٤٧ (كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - سَتَرَوْنَ بَعْدِي أُمُورًا تُنْكِرُونَهَا. . .) ؛ مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٤٧٠ - ١٤٧١ (كِتَابُ الْإِمَارَةِ، بَابُ وُجُوبِ طَاعَةِ الْأُمَرَاءِ فِي غَيْرِ مَعْصِيَةٍ) ؛ الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٥/٣١٤. وَفِي اللِّسَانِ: " الْبَوْحُ: ظُهُورُ الشَّيْءِ. . . وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ: إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ كُفْرًا بَوَاحًا: أَيْ جِهَارًا ": وَقَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ فِي شَرْحِهِ ١٢/٢٢٩: " وَالْمُرَادُ بِالْكُفْرِ هُنَا: الْمَعَاصِي. وَمَعْنَى عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِيهِ بُرْهَانٌ: أَيْ تَعْلَمُونَهُ مِنْ دِينِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ".
(٣) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٤٧٩ (كِتَابُ الْإِمَارَةِ، بَابُ حُكْمِ مَنْ فَرَّقَ أَمْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُوَ مُجْتَمِعٌ) ؛ سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/٣٣٤ (كِتَابُ السُّنَّةِ، بَابٌ فِي قَتْلِ الْخَوَارِجِ) ؛ الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٤/٣٤١ فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ. وَقَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ فِي شَرْحِهِ عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ ١٢/٢٤١: " الْهَنَاتُ: جَمْعُ هَنَةٍ وَتُطْلَقُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَالْمُرَادُ بِهَا هُنَا: الْفِتَنُ وَالْأُمُورُ الْمُحْدَثَةُ.
(٤) ن، م، أ: وَيُفَرِّقَ.
(٥) الْحَدِيثُ فِي مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٤٨٠ (الْمَوْضِعَ السَّابِقَ) وَفِيهِ: وَأَمْرُكُمْ جَمِيعٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ.