16
then Uthmān came, took hold of its crosspieces (1), and drank until he had drunk his fill. Then Alī came, took hold of its crosspieces (2), but it was suddenly drawn away, splashing some of its water upon him.” (3)
It is also reported from Saīd ibn Juhmān, from Safīna, who said that the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:
“The prophetic caliphate will last thirty years. Then Allah will grant His dominion to whomever He wills.”
Or [he said] (4): “the dominion.”
Saīd said:
Safīna said to me: “[Keep count]: the term (5) of Abū Bakr was two years (6), Umar’s was ten, Uthmān’s was twelve (7), and Alī’s was such-and-such.”
Saīd said:
I said to Safīna, “These people claim that Alī was not a caliph.”
He replied:
“Those base wretches, the sons of al-Zarqā, have lied”—meaning the Banū Marwān (8). And [such reports as]
(1) N reads *bi-arāqatihā*; A reads *bi-arāqihā*.
(2) N reads *bi-arāqatihā*; A reads *bi-arāqihā*.
(3) The hadith is found in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4:290–91. Ibn al-Athīr states in *al-Nihāya*, 3:88: “The word *arāqī* is the plural of *arqwa*, the wooden crosspiece laid across the mouth of a bucket. There are two such pieces, forming a cross.” … “He drank his fill” (*al-Nihāya*, 3:23) means that he drank so much that his side and ribs expanded. In *Lisān al-Arab*, under the root n-sh-t: “To draw a bucket from a well is to pull it upward without a *qāma*, that is, a pulley. … The forms *nashattu* and *intashattu* mean ‘I pulled it out.’”
(4) “He said” is an addition in A and B.
(5) N reads: “He himself said to me: ‘The term …’” The word “term” is omitted in M.
(6) N, M, and A read *sanatayni*—the accusative form of “two years”—which is incorrect.
(7) N and M read *ithnā ashara*; A reads *ithnay ashara*.
(8) The hadith is found in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4:293 (Book of the Sunnah, chapter “On the Caliphs”); *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 3:341 (Book of Tribulations, chapter “Reports Concerning the Caliphate”). Al-Tirmidhī said: “This is a *hasan* (fair) hadith. More than one narrator transmitted it from Saīd ibn Juhmān, and we know it only through his report.” It is also found in al-Hākim’s *al-Mustadrak*, 3:71. *Astāh* is the plural of *ist*. In *Lisān al-Arab*, under the root s-t-h, al-Jawharī states: “*Ist* means the rump and may also denote the anal opening. Its original form is *satah*, on the fully vocalized *faal* pattern, as shown by its plural *astāh*, just as *jamal* has the plural *ajmāl*. … Of the vilest people it is said, ‘These are the backsides.’” Safīna’s expression was intended to convey contempt. Muhibb al-Dīn al-Khatīb discussed the hadith’s chain of transmission in *al-Muntaqā min Minhāj al-Itidāl*, p. 57, t [0–9], demonstrated its weakness, and noted that Ibn al-Arabī did not authenticate it in *al-Awāsim min al-Qawāsim*, p. 201 (Cairo, 1371). Al-Albānī, however, authenticated the hadith in *Sahīh al-Jāmi al-Saghīr*, 3:118.
ثُمَّ جَاءَ عُثْمَانُ فَأَخَذَ بِعَرَاقِيهَا
(١)
فَشَرِبَ حَتَّى تَضَلَّعَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ عَلِيٌّ فَأَخَذَ بِعَرَاقِيهَا
(٢)
فَانْتُشِطَتْ فَانْتَضَحَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ»
(٣)
.
وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُهْمَانَ، عَنْ سَفِينَةَ،
قَالَ:
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -:
"
«خِلَافَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ ثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ يُؤْتِي اللَّهُ مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ»
"
. أَوْ
[قَالَ]
(٤)
:
" الْمُلْكَ "
.
قَالَ سَعِيدٌ:
قَالَ لِي سَفِينَةُ:
[أَمْسِكْ]
، مُدَّةُ
(٥)
أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَنَتَانِ
(٦)
، وَعُمَرَ عَشْرٌ، وَعُثْمَانَ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ
(٧)
، وَعَلِيٍّ كَذَا.
قَالَ سَعِيدٌ:
قُلْتُ لِسَفِينَةَ: إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمْ يَكُنْ بِخَلِيفَةٍ.
قَالَ:
كَذَبَتْ أَسْتَاهُ بَنِي الزَّرْقَاءِ، يَعْنِي بَنِي مَرْوَانَ
(٨)
. وَ
[أَمْثَالُ]
(١) ن: بِعَرَاقَتِهَا؛ أ: بِعَرَاقِهَا.
(٢) ن: بِعَرَاقَتِهَا؛ أ: بِعَرَاقِهَا.
(٣) الْحَدِيثُ فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/٢٩٠ - ٢٩١. وَفِي النِّهَايَةِ لِابْنِ الْأَثِيرِ ٣/٨٨: الْعَرَاقِي جَمْعُ عَرْقُوَةِ الدَّلْوِ وَهِيَ الْخَشَبَةُ الْمَعْرُوضَةُ عَلَى فَمِ الدَّلْوِ وَهُمَا عَرْقُوَتَانِ كَالصَّلِيبِ. . . تَضَلَّعَ (النِّهَايَةِ ٣/٢٣) : أَيْ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الشُّرْبِ حَتَّى تَمَدَّدَ جَنْبُهُ وَأَضْلَاعُهُ. وَفِي اللِّسَانِ، مَادَّةِ: نَشَطَ، نَشَطَ الدَّلْوُ مِنَ الْبِئْرِ صُعُدًا بِغَيْرِ قَامَةٍ وَهِيَ الْبَكَرَةُ. . . وَيُقَالُ: نَشَطْتُ وَانْتَشَطْتُ: أَيِ انْتَزَعْتُ.
(٤) قَالَ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) .
(٥) ن: قَالَ لِي بِنَفْسِهِ: مُدَّةُ. وَسَقَطَتْ " مُدَّةُ " مِنْ (م) .
(٦) ن، م، أ: سَنَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ.
(٧) ن، م: اثْنَا عَشَرَ؛ أ: اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ.
(٨) الْحَدِيثُ فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤/٢٩٣ (كِتَابُ السُّنَّةِ، بَابٌ فِي الْخُلَفَاءِ) ؛ سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٣٤١ (كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي الْخِلَافَةِ) وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: " هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ قَدْ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُهْمَانَ وَلَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ) ؛ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ لِلْحَاكِمِ ٣/٧١. وَأَسْتَاهٌ جَمْعُ اسْتٍ، وَفِي اللِّسَانِ، مَادَّةِ: سَتَهَ: " الْجَوْهَرِيُّ: وَالِاسْتُ الْعَجُزُ، وَقَدْ يُرَادُ بِهَا حَلْقَةُ الدُّبُرِ، وَأَصْلُهُ سَتَهٌ عَلَى فَعَلٍ بِالتَّحْرِيكِ، يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ جَمْعَهُ أَسْتَاهٌ مِثْلُ جَمَلٍ وَأَجْمَالٍ. . وَيُقَالُ لِأَرْذَالِ النَّاسِ: هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَسْتَاهُ. وَالْمُرَادُ بِعِبَارَةِ سَفِينَةَ التَّحْقِيرُ ". وَتَكَلَّمَ الْأُسْتَاذُ مُحِبُّ الدِّينِ الْخَطِيبُ (الْمُنْتَقَى مِنْ مِنْهَاجِ الِاعْتِدَالِ، ص ٥٧ ت [٠ - ٩] ) عَلَى سَنَدِ الْحَدِيثِ وَبَيَّنَ ضَعْفَهُ وَأَشَارَ إِلَى عَدَمِ تَصْحِيحِ ابْنِ الْعَرَبِيِّ لَهُ فِي " الْعَوَاصِمِ مِنَ الْقَوَاصِمِ "، ص ٢٠١، الْقَاهِرَةُ، ١٣٧١، وَلَكِنَّ الْأَلْبَانِيَّ صَحَّحَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ " ٣/١١٨.