16
there is no benefit in doing so. Rather, if an unbeliever whose killing is lawful is killed, or if he dies a natural death, it is not permissible after his killing or death to mutilate his body. His abdomen may not be slit open, nor (1) may his nose or ear be cut off, [nor may his hand be cut off] (2), unless this is done by way of retaliation.
[This has been established.] In Sahih Muslim (3) and elsewhere, Burayda reported that when the Prophet—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—appointed a commander over an army or a military detachment (4), he personally enjoined him to fear Allah [Most High] (5) and instructed him to treat the Muslims under his command well. He said:
(“Fight in the cause of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Do not misappropriate the spoils, betray your covenants, mutilate the dead, or kill any child.”) (6).
It is also reported in the Sunan that, “During his sermon, he would enjoin charity and forbid mutilation” (7), even though
(1) A and B read: “or.”
(2) “Nor shall his hand be cut off” is absent from N and M.
(3) N and M read: “It is in the Sahih…”
(4) N and M read: “over a detachment or an army.”
(5) “Most High” is added in A and B.
(6) The hadith is recorded in Muslim, 3/1356–1358 (Book of Jihad and Military Expeditions, chapter on the imam’s appointment of commanders), from Sulaymān ibn Burayda, from his father—may Allah be pleased with him. It begins: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—appointed a commander over an army or detachment, he would instruct him…” He then said: “Fight in the name of Allah and in Allah’s cause…” The hadith is also recorded, with differences in wording, in Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 3/51–52 (Book of Jihad, chapter on calling the polytheists to Islam); Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 3/85–86 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter on what has been related concerning the Prophet’s instructions regarding combat); Sunan Ibn Mājah, 2/953–954 (Book of Jihad, chapter on the imam’s instructions); and al-Musnad, al-Halabī ed., 5/358.
(7) Sunan al-Dārimī, 1/390 (Book of Zakat, chapter encouraging charity), from Imrān ibn Husayn, who said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—addressed us, he commanded us to give charity and forbade us to mutilate.” Also in al-Bukhārī, 5/129 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter on the account of Ukl and Urayna). Qatāda said: “We were informed that thereafter the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—would encourage charity and forbid mutilation.” See also Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 3 (Book of Jihad, chapter on the prohibition of mutilation).
ذَلِكَ لَا فَائِدَةَ فِيهِ، بَلْ إِذَا قُتِلَ كَافِرٌ يَجُوزُ قَتْلُهُ، أَوْ مَاتَ حَتْفَ أَنْفِهِ لَمْ يَجُزْ بَعْدَ قَتْلِهِ، أَوْ مَوْتِهِ أَنْ يُمَثَّلَ بِهِ، فَلَا يُشَقُّ بَطْنُهُ، وَلَا
(١)
يُجْدَعُ أَنْفُهُ، وَأُذُنُهُ،
[وَلَا تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ]
(٢)
إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْمُقَابَلَةِ.
[فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ.]
فِي صَحِيحِ
(٣)
مُسْلِمٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ «عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ، أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ
(٤)
أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ
[تَعَالَى]
(٥)
، وَأَوْصَاهُ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا،
وَقَالَ:
(اغْزُوَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ لَا تَغْلُوا، وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا.» )
(٦)
.
وَفِي السُّنَنِ أَنَّهُ
«كَانَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ يَأْمُرُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ، وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ»
(٧)
. مَعَ أَنَّ
(١) أ، ب: أَوْ.
(٢) وَلَا تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٣) ن، م: فَفِي صَحِيحِ.
(٤) ن، م: عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْ جَيْشٍ.
(٥) تَعَالَى: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) .
(٦) الْحَدِيثَ فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ٣/١٣٥٦ - ١٣٥٨ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ وَالسَّيْرِ، بَابُ تَأْمِيرِ الْإِمَامِ الْأُمَرَاءَ.) عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -، وَأَوَّلُهُ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: اغْزُوَا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. الْحَدِيثَ، وَهُوَ - مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ - فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/٥١ - ٥٢ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ، بَابُ فِي دُعَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ) ؛ سُنَنَ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٨٥ - ٨٦ (كِتَابُ السِّيَرِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي وَصِيَّةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي الْقِتَالِ) ؛ سُنَنَ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ٢/٩٥٣ - ٩٥٤ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ، بَابُ وَصِيَّةِ الْإِمَامِ) ؛ الْمُسْنَدَ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٥/٣٥٨.
(٧) فِي: سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ١/٣٩٠ (كِتَابُ الزَّكَاةِ، بَابُ الْحَثِّ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ) عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ: مَا خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَّا أَمَرَنَا فِيهَا بِالصَّدَقَةِ وَنَهَانَا عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ. وَفِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٢٩ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ قِصَّةِ عُكْلٍ وَعُرَيْنَةَ) . قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ يَحُثُّ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ. وَانْظُرْ: سُنَنَ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣ (كِتَابُ الْجِهَادِ، بَابُ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ)