Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (1/461)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

for His servants, but rather that which constitutes corruption, because the commission (1) of sins, the various forms of disbelief, and every kind of corruption occurring in the world are attributed to Him. Allah is far exalted above that.

The response is:

Although this is said by a group of theologians who affirm divine predestination, it is also the position of a group of Shia theologians. The leading scholars and the majority of Ahl al-Sunnah do not say what has been mentioned. Rather, what they (2) say is that Allah is the Creator, Lord, and Sovereign of all things; nothing lies beyond His dominion, creation, or power. This includes all the actions of animate beings. He creates the acts of worship performed by the angels and the believers, as well as all the other movements of His servants.

The Qadariyya exclude from His dominion the choicest things within it—namely, the obedience of the angels, the prophets, and the believers (3)—saying: “Allah Most High did not create these acts; He is not able to employ a servant in performing them or inspire him to perform them, nor can He make someone who does not perform them into one who does.”

Abraham, the Friend—peace be upon him—said:

“Our Lord, make us both submit to You, and from our descendants a nation that submits to You.”

[Surah al-Baqara: 128]

He thus asked Allah to make him one who submits to Allah (4), and to make from his descendants a nation that submits to Him. This explicitly affirms that Allah makes an agent one who acts.

He also said:

“My Lord, make me one who establishes prayer, and likewise from my descendants.”

[Surah Ibrāhīm: 40]

He therefore asked Allah [Most High] to (5) \ 3 461 3 make him one who establishes prayer. It is therefore known

(1) N, M, A, and B read: “like the commission of...” The correct reading is the one printed in the text; it is also the reading found earlier (p. 125) and in Minhāj al-Karāma. (2) A and B read: “those who.” This is incorrect. (3) A and B read: “the prophets, the angels, and the believers.” (4) The words “to Allah” are absent in A and B. (5) N and M read: “So he asked Allah to...”

لِعِبَادِهِ بَلْ مَا هُوَ الْفَسَادُ؛ لِأَنَّ فِعْلَ (١) الْمَعَاصِي وَأَنْوَاعِ الْكُفْرِ وَجَمِيعِ أَنْوَاعِ الْفَسَادِ الْوَاقِعَةِ فِي الْعَالَمِ مُسْنَدَةٌ إِلَيْهِ، تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. يُقَالُ: هَذَا الْكَلَامُ وَإِنْ قَالَهُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ مُتَكَلِّمِي أَهْلِ الْإِثْبَاتِ، فَهُوَ قَوْلُ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ مُتَكَلِّمِي الشِّيعَةِ أَيْضًا. وَأَئِمَّةُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَجُمْهُورُهُمْ لَا يَقُولُونَ مَا ذُكِرَ، بَلِ الَّذِي (٢) يَقُولُونَهُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَرَبُّهُ وَمَلِيكُهُ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ مُلْكِهِ وَخَلْقِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ شَيْءٌ، وَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ أَفْعَالِ الْحَيَوَانِ، فَهُوَ خَالِقٌ لِعِبَادَاتِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَسَائِرِ حَرَكَاتِ الْعِبَادِ. وَالْقَدَرِيَّةُ يَنْفُونَ عَنْ مُلْكِهِ خِيَارَ مَا فِي مُلْكِهِ، وَهُوَ طَاعَةُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ (٣) فَيَقُولُونَ: لَمْ يَخْلُقْهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، وَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يَسْتَعْمِلَ الْعَبْدَ فِيهَا، وَلَا يُلْهِمَهُ إِيَّاهَا، وَلَا يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ مَنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْهَا فَاعِلًا لَهَا. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْخَلِيلُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ -: {رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ} [سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٢٨] فَطَلَبَ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ مُسْلِمًا لِلَّهِ (٤) وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَهُ، وَهُوَ صَرِيحٌ فِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَجْعَلُ الْفَاعِلَ فَاعِلًا. وَقَالَ: {رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي} [سُورَةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: ٤٠] ، فَقَدْ طَلَبَ مِنَ اللَّهِ [تَعَالَى] أَنْ (٥) \ ٣ ٤٦١ ٣ يَجْعَلَهُ مُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَعُلِمَ

(١) ن، م، أ، ب: كَفِعْلِ. وَالصَّوَابُ مَا أَثْبَتَهُ، وَهُوَ مَا جَاءَ مِنْ قَبْلُ (ص ١٢٥) وَمَا ذُكِرَ فِي " مِنْهَاجِ الْكَرَامَةِ ". (٢) أ، ب: الَّذِينَ. وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٣) أ، ب: الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ. (٤) لِلَّهِ: لَيْسَتْ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٥) ن، م: فَطَلَبَ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ. . .