Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (8/503)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

, for You are the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.’” (1).

The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, never singled him out for any gift of wealth. Rather, if he was present when spoils were distributed, he was treated like any other recipient. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also took all his wealth. As for others who spent their wealth, from among the Ansār and Banū Hāshim, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would give them what others were not given. He gave Banū Hāshim and Banū al-Muttalib a share of the one-fifth of the spoils that he did not give (2) to others. He also appointed ʿUmar to a post and paid him for his service. As for Abū Bakr, he gave him nothing. Thus, he was the least beholden to anyone for a favour to be repaid, and the foremost in favours given without recompense.

As for his sincerity in seeking the Face of his Lord, the Most High, he was the most perfect member of the community in this respect. It is therefore evident that, among those encompassed by the verse, he most perfectly embodied the qualities mentioned.

Likewise, he was the most perfect of those encompassed by His words:

“The one who brings the truth and affirms it—such are the God-fearing.” [Surah al-Zumar: 33]

And His words:

“Those of you who spent and fought before the conquest are not equal to those who did so afterwards. They are greater in rank than those who spent and fought afterwards. Yet Allah has promised the best reward to all.” [Surah al-Hadīd: 10].

(1) The hadith is narrated by Abd Allāh ibn Amr from Abū Bakr al-Siddīq, may Allah be pleased with them both. See al-Bukhārī, 1/166 (Book of the Call to Prayer, chapter on supplication before Islam), 8/72 (Book of Supplications, chapter on supplication during prayer), and 9/118 (Book of Divine Oneness, chapter on Allah’s words: “And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing”); Muslim, 4/2078 (Book of Remembrance and Supplication …, chapter on the recommendation to lower one’s voice when remembering Allah). The hadith also appears in the Sunan collections of al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasā’ī, and Ibn Mājah, and in the Musnad of Ahmad. (2) ن, س, ب: mā lā yu‘tī (what he does not give).

إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ» " (١) . وَلَا أَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَالًا يَخُصُّهُ بِهِ قَطُّ، بَلْ إِنْ حَضَرَ غَنِيمَةً كَانَ كَآحَادِ الْغَانِمِينَ، وَأَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ، وَأَمَّا غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْمُنْفِقِينَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَبَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَقَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِيهِمْ مَا لَا يُعْطَى غَيْرَهُمْ، فَقَدْ أَعْطَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِي الْمَطْلَبِ مِنَ الْخُمْسِ مَا لَمْ يُعْطِ (٢) غَيْرَهُمْ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عُمَرَ وَأَعْطَاهُ عَمَالَةً، وَأَمَّا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ شَيْئًا فَكَانَ أَبْعَدَ النَّاسِ مِنَ النِّعْمَةِ الَّتِي تُجْزَى وَأَوْلَاهُمْ بِالنِّعْمَةِ الَّتِي لَا تُجْزَى. وَأَمَّا إِخْلَاصُهُ فِي ابْتِغَاءِ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَى، فَهُوَ أَكْمَلُ الْأُمَّةِ فِي ذَلِكَ فَعُلِمَ أَنَّهُ أَكْمَلُ مَنْ تَنَاوَلَتْهُ الْآيَةُ فِي الصِّفَاتِ الْمَذْكُورَةِ. كَمَا أَنَّهُ أَكْمَلُ مَنْ تَنَاوَلَ قَوْلُهُ: {وَالَّذِي جَاءَ بِالصِّدْقِ وَصَدَّقَ بِهِ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُتَّقُونَ} [سُورَةُ الزُّمَرِ: ٣٣] . وَقَوْلُهُ: {لَا يَسْتَوِي مِنْكُمْ مَنْ أَنْفَقَ مِنْ قَبْلِ الْفَتْحِ وَقَاتَلَ أُولَئِكَ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ بَعْدُ وَقَاتَلُوا وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى} [سُورَةُ الْحَدِيدِ: ١٠] .

(١) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ١/١٦٦ (كِتَابُ الْأَذَانِ، بَابُ الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ) ٨/٧٢ (كِتَابُ الدَّعَوَاتِ، بَابُ الدُّعَاءِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ) ٩/١١٨ (كِتَابُ التَّوْحِيدِ، بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَكَانَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا) مُسْلِمٍ ٤/٢٠٧٨ (كِتَابُ الذَّكَرِ وَالدُّعَاءِ. . بَابُ اسْتِحْبَابِ خَفْضِ الصَّوْتِ بِالذِّكْرِ) وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ وَالنَّسَائِيِّ وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ وَمُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ. (٢) ن، س، ب: مَالَا يُعْطِي. .