Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (8/429)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

He would be answered: Yet he said:

“Indeed, Allah is with us.”

This declares that Allah is with them [both] through His aid (1). It is not permissible for the Messenger to declare that Allah aids His Messenger and the believers, and that Allah (2) is with them, while regarding (3) the person concerned as inwardly a hypocrite. For he is protected from error in what he reports about Allah and says nothing about Him except the truth. Although someone’s true condition may remain hidden from him, so that he does not know that the person is a hypocrite—as Allah said:

“Among the Bedouins around you are hypocrites, and among the people of Medina are those hardened in hypocrisy. You do not know them; We know them.” [Surah al-Tawbah: 101]

—he cannot make statements about them that attest to their faith.

For this reason, “when those who had stayed behind came to him in the year of Tabūk, they began swearing oaths and offering excuses. He accepted their outward professions and entrusted their inner secrets to Allah, without affirming that any of them was telling the truth. Then, when Kaʿb came and told him the truth about his circumstances (4), he said, ‘This man has told the truth,’ or he said, ‘He has told you the truth.’” (5)

Moreover, when (6) Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqās said to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—“‘You gave to so-and-so and so-and-so, but passed over so-and-so, although he is (7) a believer,’ he replied, ‘Or a Muslim,’ twice or three times,” (8) he reproved him for affirming the man’s faith when he knew only his outward profession of Islam.

(1) ن: “This states that Allah is with us through His aid”; س، ب: “This states that Allah is with us.” (2) س، ب: wa-Allāhu (“and Allah”). (3) م: wa-yahsulu (“and becomes”). (4) ن، م: amarahum (“he commanded them”). (5) The hadith of Ka‘b ibn Mālik was discussed above, 2/433. (6) Lammā (“when”) is omitted from (س), (ب). (7) ن، م: huwa (“he”). (8) The hadith narrated by Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqās—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 4 4–305 (Book of the Sunnah, chapter on evidence that faith increases and decreases), and Sunan al-Nasā’ī, 8/103–104 (Book of Faith and Its Prescriptions, chapter interpreting His saying, Mighty and Majestic: “The Bedouins say, ‘We believe’…”). See also the hadith with similar wording above, 1/64–65.

قِيلَ لَهُ فَقَدْ قَالَ: " {إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا} " ، فَهَذَا إِخْبَارٌ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَهُمَا [جَمِيعًا] بِنَصْرِهِ (١) ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ لِلرَّسُولِ أَنْ يُخْبِرَ بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ (٢) مَعَهُمْ وَيَجْعَلُ (٣) ذَلِكَ فِي الْبَاطِنِ مُنَافِقًا فَإِنَّهُ مَعْصُومٌ فِي خَبَرِهِ عَنِ اللَّهِ لَا يَقُولُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ؛ وَإِنْ جَازَ أَنْ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ حَالُ بَعْضِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مُنَافِقٌ كَمَا قَالَ: {وَمِمَّنْ حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مُنَافِقُونَ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مَرَدُوا عَلَى النِّفَاقِ لَا تَعْلَمُهُمْ نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُهُمْ} [سُورَةُ التَّوْبَةِ: ١٠١] فَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُخْبِرَ عَنْهُمْ بِمَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى إِيمَانِهِمْ. وَلِهَذَا «لَمَّا جَاءَهُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ عَامَ تَبُوكَ فَجَعَلُوا يَحْلِفُونَ وَيَعْتَذِرُونَ، وَكَانَ يَقْبَلُ عَلَانِيَتَهُمْ، وَيَكِلُ سَرَائِرَهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، لَا يُصَدِّقُ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ كَعْبٌ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِحَقِيقَةِ أَمْرِهِ (٤) قَالَ: " أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدَ صَدَقَ " ، أَوْ قَالَ: " صَدَقَكُمْ» " (٥) . وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ لَمَّا (٦) قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " «أَعْطَيْتَ فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا، وَتَرَكْتَ فُلَانًا وَهُوَ (٧) مُؤْمِنٌ " قَالَ: " أَوْ مُسْلِمٌ " مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا» (٨) فَأَنْكَرَ عَلَيْهِ إِخْبَارَهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ظَاهِرَ الْإِسْلَامِ.

(١) ن: فَهَذَا إِخْبَارٌ أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا بِنَصْرِهِ، س، ب: فَهَذَا إِخْبَارٌ أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا. (٢) س، ب: وَاللَّهُ (٣) م: وَيَحْصُلُ (٤) ن، م: أَمَرَهُمْ (٥) سَبَقَ الْكَلَامُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ فِيمَا مَضَى ٢/٤٣٣ (٦) لَمَّا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (س) ، (ب) . (٧) ن، م: هُوَ (٨) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٤ ٤ - ٣٠٥ (كِتَابُ السُّنَّةِ، بَابُ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى زِيَادَةِ الْإِيمَانِ وَنُقْصَانِهِ) ، سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٨/١٠٣ - ١٠٤ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ وَشَرَائِعِهِ، بَابُ تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: قَالَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ آمَنَّا. .) وَانْظُرِ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى ١/٦٤ - ٦٥.