Even if we suppose that he believed it permissible to stone a pregnant woman, this is a matter whose ruling might not be apparent. Islamic law has allowed a child or a pregnant woman to be killed as an incidental consequence in certain circumstances, such as when the unbelievers are besieged. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—besieged the people of al-Tā’if and deployed a catapult against them, which could kill women and children.

It is reported in the Sahīh:

“He was asked about polytheists in a settlement who are attacked by night, with some of their women and children being struck. He replied, ‘They are of them.’” (1)

It is also established that he forbade killing women (2) and children. Some scholars found this matter unclear and therefore prohibited night attacks for fear of killing women and children.

Similarly, someone who thought it permissible to stone a pregnant woman might find the matter unclear and say, “Stoning is a prescribed punishment that must be carried out immediately, so it is not permissible to delay it.” But the Sunnah distinguishes between what can be postponed, such as a prescribed punishment, and what may be needed, such as a night attack or a siege.

Individuals would challenge Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—even concerning the dower. A woman said to him, “Are we to heed you or the Book of Allah?”

He replied, “Rather, (3) the Book of Allah.”

She then said, “Allah says:

‘And you have given one of them a great amount, do not take back anything of it.’”