Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (8/298)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

whom he followed uncritically, without verifying what they said or consulting (1) what is known among the scholars, established among them through mass transmission, and familiar to their ordinary members and specialists alike.

Second: His statement:

“The general imamate entails conveying all rulings to the Muslim community.”

This statement is false. The community has received all the rulings from its Prophet and has no need of the imam in this regard except as it needs other scholars like him. The Companions knew most of the religious law that people needed. Whenever they disagreed over any of it during the time of al-Siddīq, they subsequently reached agreement through the knowledge which (2) they shared with one another. Al-Siddīq knew most of the religious law, and whenever some minor matter was unknown to him (3), he asked those Companions who possessed knowledge of it (4), as when “he asked them about a grandmother’s inheritance (5), and some of them informed him that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—had awarded her (6) one-sixth” (7).

(1) n, m, s: rāja‘a (“consulted”). (2) s, b: bi-alladhī (“through that which”). (3) m: ‘alayhi (“to him”). (4) m: ‘ilmun min dhālika (“some knowledge of that”). (5) s, b: al-jadd (“the grandfather”). (6) s, b: a‘tāhu (“he awarded him”). (7) In Ibn Qudāma’s al-Mughnī, 6/261: Our evidence is the report of Qabīsa ibn Dhu’ayb, who said: “The grandmothers came to Abū Bakr seeking their inheritance. He said, ‘You have no share in the Book of Allah—Mighty and Majestic—and I know of nothing for you in the sunnah of Allah’s Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. But go back while I ask the people.’ Al-Mughīra ibn Shu‘ba said, ‘I was present when Allah’s Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—awarded her one-sixth.’ Abū Bakr asked, ‘Is there anyone else with you?’ Muhammad ibn Maslama corroborated his testimony, and Abū Bakr confirmed the award to her.”

الَّذِينَ قَلَّدَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُحَقِّقْ مَا قَالُوهُ، وَيُرَاجِعْ (١) مَا هُوَ الْمَعْلُومُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ الْمُتَوَاتِرِ عِنْدَهُمْ، الْمَعْلُومُ لِعَامَّتِهِمْ وَخَاصَّتِهِمْ. الثَّانِي: قَوْلُهُ: " الْإِمَامَةُ الْعَامَّةُ مُتَضَمِّنَةٌ لِأَدَاءِ جَمِيعِ الْأَحْكَامِ إِلَى الْأُمَّةِ " . قَوْلٌ بَاطِلٌ ; فَالْأَحْكَامُ كُلُّهَا قَدْ تَلَقَّتْهَا الْأُمَّةُ عَنْ نَبِيِّهَا، لَا تَحْتَاجُ فِيهَا إِلَى الْإِمَامِ، إِلَّا كَمَا تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى نَظَائِرِهِ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ، وَكَانَتْ عَامَّةُ الشَّرِيعَةِ الَّتِي يَحْتَاجُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهَا عِنْدَ الصَّحَابَةِ مَعْلُومَةً، وَلَمْ يَتَنَازَعُوا زَمَنَ الصِّدِّيقِ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا، إِلَّا وَاتَّفَقُوا بَعْدَ النِّزَاعِ بِالْعِلْمِ الَّذِي (٢) كَانَ يُظْهِرُهُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ، وَكَانَ الصِّدِّيقُ يَعْلَمُ عَامَّةَ الشَّرِيعَةِ، وَإِذَا خَفِيَ عَنْهُ (٣) الشَّيْءُ الْيَسِيرُ سَأَلَ عَنْهُ الصَّحَابَةَ مِمَّنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ ذَلِكَ (٤) ، كَمَا «سَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدَّةِ (٥) ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ مَنْ أَخْبَرَهُ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَعْطَاهَا (٦) السُّدُسَ» (٧) .

(١) ن، م، س: رَاجَعَ. (٢) س، ب: بِالَّذِي. (٣) م: عَلَيْهِ. (٤) م: عِلْمٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. (٥) س، ب: الْجَدِّ. (٦) س، ب: أَعْطَاهُ. (٧) فِي الْمُغْنِي لِابْنِ قُدَامَةَ ٦/٢٦١ وَلَنَا مَا رَوَى قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ قَالَ: " جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّاتُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَهَا، فَقَالَ: مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - شَيْءٌ، وَمَا أَعْلَمُ لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - شَيْئًا وَلَكِنِ ارْجِعِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ، فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ: حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ ; فَقَالَ: هَلْ مَعَكَ غَيْرُكَ؟ فَشَهِدَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ فَأَمْضَاهُ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ".