“Then Satan whispered to them to expose to them what had been concealed from them of their nakedness.” [Surah al-A‘rāf: 20]

If Satan’s interference (1) does not impugn the prophethood of the prophets—peace be upon them—how could it impugn the leadership of the caliphs?

If someone claims that these texts are subject to interpretation, he may be told: “Then others may likewise interpret the words of al-Siddīq, given the abundant evidence establishing his faith, knowledge, piety, and scrupulousness. When an ambiguous expression conflicts with what is known (2), it must be interpreted accordingly.”

As for his statement, “If I remain upright, help me; and if I deviate, correct me,” this reflects the perfection of his justice and piety. Every ruler must follow his example in this, and the subjects must deal with their rulers accordingly. If the ruler (3) remains upright, they should help him obey Allah Most High. If he deviates and errs, they should explain what is right and guide him to it. If he deliberately commits injustice, they should prevent him from doing so as far as they can. If he is receptive to the truth, as Abū Bakr was, they have no excuse for neglecting this (4). But if injustice can only be prevented by something that causes greater harm, they must not counter a lesser evil with a greater one.