Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (8/220)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

the verse concerning the one-fifth share and fayʾ. The Quran also commands them (1) to do what will remove impurity from them and purify them completely. It commands believers to invoke blessings upon the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and this has been explained as invoking blessings upon him and his family. The Quran commands love for Allah and His Messenger, and loving the Messenger’s family is part of loving him fully. It also states that his wives are the mothers of the believers.

Yet the Quran does not praise anyone merely for being one of the Prophet’s relatives or a member of his household. It neither commends them on that basis, nor states that this alone entitles anyone to distinction before Allah, nor gives anyone precedence on that account over someone equally God-fearing.

Although it speaks of the choosing of Abraham’s family and the Children of Israel, those are events of the past. Allah has told us about them as (2) a lesson for us, while also making clear that recompense and praise depend on deeds.

Thus, it speaks of the choosing of the Children of Israel, but also of the disbelief of those among them who disbelieved, their sins, and their punishment. It therefore mentions both outcomes in their case: reward and punishment.

This further establishes that noble lineage may sometimes be accompanied by praise if its bearer is a person of faith and piety. Otherwise, its bearer incurs greater blame, as did those who were condemned among the Children of Israel and Abraham’s descendants. The same applies to ties through marriage.

Allah Most High says:

“Allah presents an example for those who disbelieve: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. They were married to two righteous servants of Ours, but betrayed them, so their husbands could not avail them at all against Allah. They were told, ‘Enter the Fire with those who enter.’ And Allah presents an example for those who believe: the wife of Pharaoh, when she said, ‘My Lord, build for me a house near You in Paradise, and save me from Pharaoh and his deeds, and save me from the wrongdoing people.’” [Surah al-Tahrīm: 10 - 11]

(1) N, S, B: “For the near relatives, as they mentioned them; in the Quran is the verse concerning khums (the one-fifth share) and fay, and in [it] (B: ‘and in it’) is a command for them …” The retained reading—which is correct—is from M. (2) N, S: fa-akhbara bi-annahu fī (“He thus stated that it was in …”); B: fa-akhbara bi-anna fī (“He thus stated that in …”).

آيَةِ الْخُمْسِ وَالْفَيْءِ. وَفِي الْقُرْآنِ أَمْرٌ لَهُمْ (١) بِمَا يُذْهِبُ عَنْهُمُ الرِّجْسَ وَيُطَهِّرُهُمْ تَطْهِيرًا. وَفِي الْقُرْآنِ الْأَمْرُ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَقَدْ فُسِّرَ ذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ. وَفِي الْقُرْآنِ الْأَمْرُ بِمَحَبَّةِ اللَّهِ وَمَحَبَّةِ رَسُولِهِ، وَمَحَبَّةُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْ تَمَامِ مَحَبَّتِهِ. وَفِي الْقُرْآنِ أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَهُ أُمَّهَاتُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَلَيْسَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مَدْحُ أَحَدٍ لِمُجَرَّدِ كَوْنِهِ مِنْ ذَوِي الْقُرْبَى وَأَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ، وَلَا الثَّنَاءُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ، وَلَا ذِكْرُ اسْتِحْقَاقِهِ الْفَضِيلَةَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بِذَلِكَ، وَلَا تَفْضِيلُهُ عَلَى مَنْ يُسَاوِيهِ فِي التَّقْوَى بِذَلِكَ. وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ ذَكَرَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنِ اصْطِفَاءِ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَاصْطِفَاءِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، فَذَاكَ أَمْرٌ مَاضٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ فِي (٢) جَعْلِهِ عِبْرَةً لَنَا، فَبَيَّنَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْجَزَاءَ وَالْمَدْحَ بِالْأَعْمَالِ. وَلِهَذَا ذَكَرَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنِ اصْطِفَاءِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَذَكَرَ مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ كُفْرِ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَذُنُوبِهِمْ وَعُقُوبَتِهِمْ، فَذَكَرَ فِيهِمُ النَّوْعَيْنِ: الثَّوَابَ وَالْعِقَابَ. وَهَذَا مِنْ تَمَامِ تَحْقِيقِ أَنَّ النَّسَبَ الشَّرِيفَ قَدْ يَقْتَرِنُ بِهِ الْمَدْحُ تَارَةً إِنْ كَانَ صَاحِبُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِيمَانِ وَالتَّقْوَى، وَإِلَّا فَإِنَّ ذَمَّ صَاحِبِهِ أَكْثَرُ، كَمَا كَانَ الذَّمُّ لِمَنْ ذُمَّ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْمُصَاهَرَةُ. قَالَ تَعَالَى: {ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اِمْرَأَةَ نُوحٍ وَامْرَأَةَ لُوطٍ كَانَتَا تَحْتَ عَبْدَيْنِ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا صَالِحَيْنِ فَخَانَتَاهُمَا فَلَمْ يُغْنِيَا عَنْهُمَا مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَقِيلَ ادْخُلَا النَّارَ مَعَ الدَّاخِلِينَ - وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اِمْرَأَةَ فِرْعَوْنَ إِذْ قَالَتْ رَبِّ ابْنِ لِي عِنْدَكَ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَنَجِّنِي مِنْ فِرْعَوْنَ وَعَمَلِهِ وَنَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ} [سُورَةُ التَّحْرِيمِ: ١٠ - ١١] .

(١) ن، س، ب: لِذَوِي الْقُرْبَى كَمَا ذَكَرُوهُمْ، وَفِي الْقُرْآنِ آيَةُ الْخُمْسِ وَالْفَيْءِ، وَفِي (ب: وَفِيهِ) أَمْرٌ لَهُمْ. . . وَالْمُثْبَتُ - وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ مِنْ (م) . (٢) ن، س: فَأَخْبَرَ بِأَنَّهُ فِي. . .، ب: فَأَخْبَرَ بِأَنَّ فِي. . .