Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (8/98)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

at that time was Khālid ibn al-Walīd, who came upon them from the rear. Satan then cried out, “Muhammad has been killed!” Approximately seventy were martyred that day, and only twelve men remained with the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—among them Abū Bakr and Umar.

Abū Sufyān appeared on the heights and called out, “Is Muhammad among the people? Is Muhammad among the people?” The hadith is recorded in both Sahīh collections (1), and its wording has already been given (2). It was a day of affliction, trial, and purification. The enemy withdrew victorious and even considered turning back (3) against them, so the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—called upon the Muslims to set out in pursuit.

It is said that the following words of the Exalted were revealed concerning these men:

“Those who responded to Allah and the Messenger after injury had befallen them.”

[Surah Āl Imrān: 172]

Among those who answered the call were Abū Bakr and al-Zubayr. Aisha said to Ibn al-Zubayr, “Your father and your grandfather were among those concerning whom Allah said: ‘Those who responded to Allah and the Messenger after injury had befallen them’” (4).

Only a few of the polytheists were killed that day. The enemy made the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—their target and strove to kill him. Among those who defended him was

(1) M reads: “in the Sahīh.” (2) This hadith was cited previously at 1/523 and 5/21. (3) S and B read: “with the enemy,” which is an error. (4) The hadith narrated from Āisha—may Allah be pleased with her—is found in al-Bukhārī, 5/102 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter “Those Who Responded to Allah and the Messenger”). Its wording is: She said to Urwa, “My nephew, your two forebears—al-Zubayr and Abū Bakr—were among them. After the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—suffered what he did at Uhud and the polytheists withdrew from him, he feared that they might return. He asked, ‘Who will pursue them?’ Seventy men volunteered.” The narrator added, “Abū Bakr and al-Zubayr were among them.” The hadith is also found in Muslim, 4/1880–1881 (Book of the Virtues of the Companions, chapter “Some of the Virtues of Talha and al-Zubayr”), and Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr, pp. 144–145.

إِذْ ذَاكَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، فَأَتَاهُمْ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ، فَصَاحَ الشَّيْطَانُ: قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ. وَاسْتُشْهِدَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ نَحْوُ سَبْعِينَ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ إِلَّا اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ. وَأَشْرَفَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَقَالَ: أَفِي الْقَوْمِ مُحَمَّدٌ؟ أَفِي الْقَوْمِ مُحَمَّدٌ؟ وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ (١) ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ لَفْظُهُ (٢) ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَ بَلَاءٍ وَفِتْنَةٍ وَتَمْحِيصٍ، وَانْصَرَفَ الْعَدُوُّ عَنْهُمْ مُنْتَصِرًا، حَتَّى هَمَّ بِالْعَوْدِ (٣) إِلَيْهِمْ، فَنَدَبَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِلِحَاقِهِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ} [سُورَةُ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٧٢] ، وَكَانَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُنْتَدَبِينَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَالزُّبَيْرُ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لِابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَبُوكَ وَجَدُّكَ مِمَّنْ قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: {الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ} (٤) ، وَلَمْ يُقْتَلْ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَّا نَفَرٌ قَلِيلٌ، وَقَصَدَ الْعَدُوُّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَاجْتَهَدُوا فِي قَتْلِهِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ ذَبَّ عَنْهُ

(١) م: فِي الصَّحِيحِ. (٢) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ١/٥٢٣، ٥/٢١. (٣) س، ب: بِالْعَدُوِّ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٤) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٠٢ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ) وَنَصُّهُ: قَالَتْ لِعُرْوَةَ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي كَانَ أَبُوكَ مِنْهُمْ: الزُّبَيْرُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ لَمَّا أَصَابَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا أَصَابَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ خَافَ أَنْ يَرْجِعُوا. قَالَ: " مَنْ يَذْهَبُ فِي إِثْرِهِمْ؟ " فَانْتَدَبَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعُونَ رَجُلًا، قَالَ: كَانَ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَالزُّبَيْرُ. وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ٤/١٨٨٠ - ١٨٨١ (كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ بَابٌ مِنْ فَضَائِلِ طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرِ. .) ، تَفْسِيرِ ابْنِ كَثِيرٍ ١٤٤ - ١٤٥.