Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

they could not be (1) willed by a beginningless will. For if that will necessarily entailed its object, the particular temporal event would have to exist from all eternity. But if its object came after it, that will would itself suffice to bring about the subsequent objects of will; there would then be nothing requiring the existence of those successive wills, and so they would not [come into being] (2), since a temporal event comes into being only when its complete cause exists.

If the agent is assumed to will one thing after another and to act successively, this must be among the necessary concomitants of his essence. His essence would therefore (3) entail that his acts come into being successively, and his effects would (4), with even greater reason [and all the more so] (5), come into being successively.

That being so, his essence would entail the temporal origination of each of these acts and effects. If his essence entails this, it cannot at the same time entail the beginninglessness of an act and an effect together with the will pertaining to them, which necessarily entails them. His essence would then entail two contradictory things: its entailing (6) the temporal origination of the individual instances of act and effect (7), together with the beginninglessness of their kind, is incompatible (8) with its entailing the beginninglessness (9) of the particular act and effect themselves (10).

(1) All manuscripts read *yakūnu*; the correct reading is what I have printed. (2) “Come into being” is omitted from N and M. (3) N alone reads *fa-kawnu*; this is a corruption. (4) N alone reads *fa-kawnu*; this is a corruption. (5) “And all the more so” is an addition in A and B. (6) A, B: “because it entails this.” (7) N, M read *hudūth af‘āl furād al-fi‘l wa-al-maf‘ūl*; this is a corruption. (8) A, B: “contradictory.” (9) N, M: “the nonexistence.” (10) N, M: “and the effects.”
لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ تَكُونَ (١) مُرَادَةً لِإِرَادَةٍ قَدِيمَةٍ؛ لِأَنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ مَلْزُومَةً لِمُرَادِهَا، لَزِمَ كَوْنُ الْحَادِثِ الْمُعَيَّنِ فِي الْأَزَلِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُرَادُهَا مُتَأَخِّرًا عَنْهَا، كَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْإِرَادَةُ كَافِيَةً فِي حُصُولِ الْمُرَادَاتِ الْمُتَأَخِّرَةِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ هُنَاكَ مَا يَقْتَضِي وُجُودَهَا فَلَا [تُوجَدُ] (٢) ؛ إِذِ الْحَادِثُ لَا يُوجَدُ إِلَّا لِوُجُودِ مُقْتَضِيهِ التَّامِّ. فَإِنْ قُدِّرَ أَنَّ الْفَاعِلَ يُرِيدُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ، وَيَفْعَلُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ، لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مِنْ لَوَازِمِ نَفْسِهِ، فَتَكُونُ (٣) نَفْسُهُ مُقْتَضِيَةً لِحُدُوثِ أَفْعَالِهِ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ، فَتَكُونُ (٤) مَفْعُولَاتُهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ بِطَرِيقِ الْأَوْلَى [وَالْأَحْرَى] (٥) . وَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ، كَانَتْ نَفْسُهُ مُقْتَضِيَةً لِحُدُوثِ كُلٍّ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَفْعَالِ وَالْمَفْعُولَاتِ، وَإِذَا كَانَتْ نَفْسُهُ مُقْتَضِيَةً لِذَلِكَ، امْتَنَعَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مُقْتَضِيَةً لِقَدَمِ فِعْلٍ وَمَفْعُولٍ مَعَ إِرَادَتِهِمَا الْمُسْتَلْزِمَةِ لَهُمَا، فَإِنَّ ذَاتَهُ تَكُونُ مُقْتَضِيَةً لِأَمْرَيْنِ مُتَنَاقِضَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ اقْتِضَاءَهَا (٦) حُدُوثُ أَفْرَادِ الْفِعْلِ وَالْمَفْعُولِ (٧) وَقِدَمُ النَّوْعِ مُنَاقِضٌ (٨) لِاقْتِضَائِهَا قِدَمَ (٩) عَيْنِ الْفِعْلِ وَالْمَفْعُولِ (١٠) .
(١) فِي جَمِيعِ النُّسَخِ: يَكُونُ، وَالصَّوَابُ مَا أَثْبَتُّهُ. (٢) تُوجَدُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٣) ن (فَقَطْ) : فَكَوْنُ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٤) ن (فَقَطْ) : فَكَوْنُ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٥) وَالْأَحْرَى: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ا) ، (ب) . (٦) ا، ب: لِاقْتِضَائِهَا. (٧) ن، م: حُدُوثُ أَفْعَالِ فُرَادِ الْفِعْلِ وَالْمَفْعُولِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٨) ا، ب: مُتَنَاقِضٌ. (٩) ن، م: عَدَمَ. (١٠) ن، م: وَالْمَفْعُولَاتِ.

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