Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

as he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said in an authentic hadith:

“By Allah, I neither give to anyone nor withhold from anyone. I am only a distributor (1), placing it wherever I am commanded.” (2)

And he said:

“My Lord gave me the choice between being a servant-messenger and being a prophet-king, so I said, ‘Rather, a servant-messenger.’” (3)

If this demonstrates that he was not one of the prophet-kings, then it is an even stronger—far stronger—indication of his prophethood and his innocence of lying and injustice. Had ʿAlī or another member of his household succeeded him, these great benefits and favors (4) would not have been realized.

Moreover, it is well known that Islam was more manifest and more widespread (5) in ʿAlī’s time than it had been during the caliphates of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, and those whom ʿAlī fought were further removed from disbelief than

(1) In (م): *wa-innamā uqāsimu* (“and I only share [it]”), which is a textual corruption. (2) This hadith was cited earlier at 2:206. (3) The hadith narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—is recorded in *al-Musnad* (al-Ma'ārif ed.), 12:142–43, no. 7160. Its wording is: “… from Abū Zur'a, who said, ‘I know it only from Abū Hurayra.’ Abū Hurayra said: ‘Gabriel sat beside the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and looked toward the sky, whereupon an angel was descending. Gabriel said, “This angel has not descended at any time since the day he was created until this very moment.” When the angel descended, he said, “O Muhammad, your Lord has sent me to you. Will He make you a prophet-king or a servant-messenger?” Gabriel said, “Humble yourself before your Lord, O Muhammad.” He replied, “Rather, a servant-messenger.”’” Shaykh Ahmad Shākir—may Allah have mercy on him—commented: “Its *isnād* (chain of transmission) is sound.” Al-Haythamī cited it in *Majma' al-Zawā'id* (9:18–19) and said: “It was narrated by Ahmad, al-Bazzār, and Abū Ya'lā; the narrators in the first two chains are narrators of the *Sahīh*.” In his citation, he did not include Abū Zur'a’s words, “I know it only from Abū Hurayra.” This might suggest that Abū Zur'a was uncertain whether the chain was connected. However, this does not affect the hadith’s authenticity, because he reported his predominant belief, which approaches certainty, and predominant belief suffices in a case such as this. Al-Haythamī’s omission of that qualification indicates that al-Bazzār and Abū Ya'lā—or at least one of them—transmitted it definitively from Abū Hurayra. See also *Majma' al-Zawā'id*, 9:18–20. (4) In (م), the reading yields: “neither this benefit nor the great acts of obedience.” (5) In (س) and (ب): “more widespread and more manifest.”
كَمَا قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ: " «إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أُعْطِي أَحَدًا وَلَا أَمْنَعُ أَحَدًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا قَاسِمٌ (١) أَضَعُ حَيْثُ أُمِرْتُ» " (٢) . وَقَالَ: " «إِنَّ رَبِّي خَيَّرَنِي بَيْنَ أَنْ أَكُونَ عَبْدًا رَسُولًا أَوْ نَبِيًّا مَلِكًا، فَقُلْتُ: بَلْ عَبْدًا رَسُولًا» " (٣) . وَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا دَلَّ عَلَى تَنْزِيهِهِ عَنْ كَوْنِهِ مِنْ مُلُوكِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَدَلَالَةُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى نُبُوَّتِهِ وَنَزَاهَتِهِ عَنِ الْكَذِبِ وَالظُّلْمِ أَعْظَمُ وَأَعْظَمُ، وَلَوْ تَوَلَّى بَعْدَهُ عَلِيٌّ أَوْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ لَمْ تَحْصُلْ هَذِهِ الْمَصَالِحُ، وَالْإِلْطَافَاتُ (٤) الْعَظِيمَةُ. وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ فِي زَمَنِ عَلِيٍّ كَانَ أَظْهَرَ وَأَكْثَرَ (٥) مِمَّا كَانَ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَكَانَ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ أَبْعَدَ عَنِ الْكُفْرِ مِنَ
(١) م: وَإِنَّمَا أُقَاسِمُ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ (٢) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٢/٢٠٦ (٣) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١٢/١٤٢ ١٤٣ (رَقْمُ ٧١٦٠) وَنَصُّهُ. . . عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: جَلَسَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَإِذَا مَلَكٌ يَنْزِلُ، فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ: إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَلَكَ مَا نَزَلَ مُنْذُ يَوْمِ خُلِقَ قَبْلَ السَّاعَةِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ، قَالَ: أَفَمَلِكًا نَبِيًّا يَجْعَلُكَ أَوْ عَبْدًا رَسُولًا؟ قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ: تَوَاضَعْ لِرَبِّكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ. قَالَ: " بَلْ عَبْدًا رَسُولًا ". قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَحْمَد شَاكِر رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي تَعْلِيقِهِ: " إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ "، وَذَكَرَهُ الْهَيْثَمِيُّ فِي مَجْمَعِ " الزَّوَائِدِ (٩: ١٨/١٩) وَقَالَ: " رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبَزَّارُ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى، وَرِجَالُ الْأَوَّلِينَ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ ". وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ قَوْلَ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ: " وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ "، مِمَّا يُظَنُّ مَعَهُ أَنَّهُ شَكَّ فِي وَصْلِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ هَذَا لَا يُؤَثِّرُ فِي صِحَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ، لِأَنَّهُ حَكَى ظَنَّهُ الرَّاجِحَ الْقَرِيبَ إِلَى الْيَقِينِ، وَغَلَبَةُ الظَّنِّ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا كَافِيَةٌ، فَإِعْرَاضُ الْهَيْثَمِيِّ عَنْ ذِكْرِ هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَرْوِيٌّ بِالْجَزْمِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عِنْدَ الْبَزَّارِ وَأَبِي يَعْلَى أَوْ عِنْدَ أَحَدِهِمَا ". وَانْظُرْ مَجْمَعَ الزَّوَائِدِ ٩/١٨ \ ٢٠ (٤) م: الْمَصْلَحَةُ وَلَا الطَّاعَاتُ. . (٥) س، ب: أَكْثَرَ وَأَظْهَرَ

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