Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/450)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

a sword against them to intimidate them, nor did he have a tribe or clients(1) to support him and install him in that office, as was customary(2) with kings, whose relatives and clients assist them. Nor did he seek it verbally or say, “Pledge allegiance to me.” Rather, he directed that allegiance be pledged to Umar and Abū Ubaydah. He did not harm anyone who declined to pledge allegiance to him, such as Sa'd ibn Ubāda; nor did he compel him to pledge, deprive him of any of his rights, or make the slightest move against them. This(3) represents the utmost refusal to coerce people into pledging allegiance.

Thereafter, the Muslims pledged allegiance to him and submitted to his authority. Those who pledged allegiance to him were the same people who had pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, beneath the tree. They were the first and foremost among the Emigrants and the Helpers, and those who followed them with excellence. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. They were the people of faith, emigration, and jihad. None withheld his pledge of allegiance except Sa'd ibn Ubāda.

As for Alī and the rest of the Hāshim clan, there is no disagreement among people that they pledged allegiance to him(4). Sa'd, however, held back because he(5) desired leadership(6) for himself—may Allah be pleased with them all. Then, during Abū Bakr’s tenure, he led them in fighting the apostates and the polytheists; he did(7) not fight

(1) M: *amwāl* (“wealth”). (2) N, S: *jarat min ʿādat* (“it was customary for”); B: *jarā min ʿādat* (“it was customary for”). (3) S, B: *wa-hādhihi* (“and this”). (4) M: *bāyaʿū* (“they pledged allegiance”). (5) N, S: *lākinna takhallufahu fa-innahu* (“however, his holding back—for he…”); B: *lākinna takhallufahu li-annahu* (“however, his holding back was because he…”). The passage here concerns Saʿd ibn ʿUbāda, may Allah be pleased with him. (6) N, S, B: *al-amr* (“authority”). (7) S, B: *wa-lam* (“and he did not”).

عَلَيْهِمْ سَيْفًا يُرْهِبُهُمْ بِهِ، وَلَا كَانَتْ لَهُ قَبِيلَةٌ وَلَا مَوَالٍ (١) تَنْصُرُهُ، وَتُقِيمُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، كَمَا جَرَتْ عَادَةُ (٢) الْمُلُوكِ أَنَّ أَقَارِبَهُمْ وَمَوَالِيَهُمْ يُعَاوِنُونَهُمْ، وَلَا طَلَبَهَا أَيْضًا بِلِسَانِهِ، وَلَا قَالَ: بَايِعُونِي، بَلْ أَمَرَ بِمُبَايَعَةِ عُمَرَ وَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ بَيْعَتِهِ كَسَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ لَمْ يُؤْذِهِ، وَلَا أَكْرَهَهُ عَلَى الْمُبَايَعَةِ، وَلَا مَنَعَهُ حَقًّا لَهُ، وَلَا حَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَاكِنًا، وَهَذَا (٣) غَايَةٌ فِي عَدَمِ إِكْرَاهِ النَّاسِ عَلَى الْمُبَايَعَةِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَايَعُوهُ وَدَخَلُوا فِي طَاعَتِهِ، وَالَّذِينَ بَايَعُوهُ هُمُ الَّذِينَ بَايَعُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ، وَهُمُ السَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُمْ بِإِحْسَانٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ، وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْهِجْرَةِ وَالْجِهَادِ، وَلَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ عَنْ بَيْعَتِهِ إِلَّا سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ. وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ وَسَائِرُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَلَا خِلَافَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنَّهُمْ بَايَعُوهُ (٤) ، لَكِنْ تَخَلَّفَ فَإِنَّهُ (٥) كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْإِمْرَةَ (٦) لِنَفْسِهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ فِي مُدَّةِ وِلَايَتِهِ قَاتَلَ بِهِمُ الْمُرْتَدِّينَ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ، لَمْ (٧) يُقَاتِلْ

(١) م: أَمْوَالٌ (٢) ن، س: جَرَتْ مِنْ عَادَةِ ; ب: جَرَى مِنْ عَادَةِ (٣) س، ب: وَهَذِهِ (٤) م: بَايَعُوا (٥) ن، س: لَكِنَّ تَخَلُّفَهُ فَإِنَّهُ ; ب: لَكِنَّ تَخَلُّفَهُ لِأَنَّهُ. وَالْكَلَامُ هُنَا عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ (٦) ن، س، ب: الْأَمْرَ (٧) س، ب: وَلَمْ