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Islam, whereupon the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sent men in pursuit of them. He cut off their hands and feet, gouged out their eyes, and cast them onto the lava field, where they begged for water(1) but were given none(2). Such are other well-known facts.
If an ignorant person relates something contrary to this, it is known to be false. Another means of recognizing a false report is when one or two persons alone relate something which, had it actually occurred, would have elicited widespread interest and strong motives to transmit it. For it is well known that if a single person were to report the existence of a vast place like Baghdad, Syria, or Iraq, we would know that he was lying about it; for(3), had such a place existed, people would have reported it.
(1) S: “so that they might ask for water.”
(2) This hadith, narrated by Anas—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in al-Bukhārī, 8:162–63 (Book of Those Who Wage War from among the Disbelievers and Apostates, chapter: “The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—Did Not Cauterize the Wounds of the Apostate Combatants before They Perished”). Its wording is: “The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—cut off [the hands and feet of] the ʿUrāniyyīn and did not cauterize their wounds, and they died.” Immediately thereafter comes another hadith, likewise narrated from Anas (chapter: “The Apostate Combatants Were Not Given Water until They Died”). Its wording is: “Anas—may Allah be pleased with him—said: ‘A group of men from ʿUkl came to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and lodged in al-Suffa.… They killed the shepherd and drove off the *dhawd* (camel herd). A cry for help then reached the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—so he sent pursuers after them.… When they were brought before him, he ordered nails to be heated, seared their eyes with them, and cut off their hands and feet without cauterizing their wounds. They were then cast onto al-Harra, where they begged for water but were given none until they died.’” Muslim likewise included six hadiths from Anas conveying the same meaning in his *Sahīh*, 3:1296–98 (Book of *Qasāma* [Oaths in Homicide Cases], chapter: “The Ruling concerning Combatants and Apostates,” nos. 9–14). The last reads: “Anas reported: ‘The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—gouged out those men’s eyes only because they had gouged out the shepherds’ eyes.’” ʿUrayna is the name of both a clan of Qudāʿa and a clan of Bajīla, of Qahtān; the latter is intended here. The statement that they drove away the Messenger of Allah’s—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—*dhawd* means that they took his camels and made them go ahead of them, driving them onward. The phrase “he *samala* their eyes” (some copies read *samara*) uses *samala* to mean piercing the eyes and destroying their contents; *samara* means searing them with heated nails. It is also said that the two words are synonymous. “He left them in al-Harra” refers to a tract of land covered with black stones, well known in Medina.
(3) N, M: “for indeed it…”
الْإِسْلَامِ فَبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ، فَقَطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ، وَسَمَلَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ، وَأَلْقَاهُمْ فِي الْحَرَّةِ يَسْتَسْقُونَ
(١)
، فَلَا يُسْقَوْنَ
(٢)
، وَأَمْثَالُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمَعْلُومَةِ.
فَإِذَا رَوَى الْجَاهِلُ نَقِيضَ ذَلِكَ عُلِمَ أَنَّهُ كَذِبٌ، وَمِنَ الطُّرُقِ الَّتِي يُعْلَمُ بِهَا الْكَذِبُ أَنْ يَنْفَرِدَ الْوَاحِدُ وَالِاثْنَانِ بِمَا يُعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ وَاقِعًا لَتَوَفَّرَتِ الْهِمَمُ وَالدَّوَاعِي عَلَى نَقْلِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْمَعْلُومِ أَنَّهُ لَوْ أَخْبَرَ الْوَاحِدُ بِبَلَدٍ عَظِيمٍ بِقَدْرِ بَغْدَادَ، وَالشَّامِ، وَالْعِرَاقِ لَعَلِمْنَا كَذِبَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّهُ
(٣)
لَوْ كَانَ مَوْجُودًا لَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ النَّاسَ.
(١) س: لِيَسْتَسْقُونَ
(٢) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٨/١٦٢ ١٦٣ (كِتَابُ الْمُحَارِبِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ وَالرِّدَّةِ، بَابُ لَمْ يَحْسِمِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمُحَارِبِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ حَتَّى هَلَكُوا) ، وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَطَعَ الْعُرَنِيِّينَ وَلَمْ يَحْسِمْهُمْ حَتَّى مَاتُوا. وَجَاءَ بَعْدَهُ مُبَاشَرَةً حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ أَنَسٍ كَذَلِكَ (بَابُ لَمْ يُسْقَ الْمُرْتَدُّونَ الْمُحَارِبُونَ حَتَّى مَاتُوا) . وَنَصُّهُ: عَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ رَهْطٌ مِنْ عُكْلٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانُوا فِي الصُّفَّةِ. . . وَقَتَلُوا الرَّاعِيَ وَاسْتَاقُوا الذَّوْدَ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّرِيخُ، فَبَعَثَ الطَّلَبَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ. . . حَتَّى أُتِيَ بِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ بِمَسَامِيرَ فَأُحْمِيَتْ فَكَحَلَهُمْ وَقَطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ وَمَا حَسَمَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أُلْقُوا فِي الْحَرَّةِ يَسْتَسْقُونَ فَمَا سُقُوا حَتَّى مَاتُوا ". وَأَوْرَدَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ٣/١٢٩٦ ١٢٩٨ بَابًا (كِتَابُ الْقَسَامَةِ، بَابُ حُكْمِ الْمُحَارِبِينَ وَالْمُرْتَدِّينَ) أَوْرَدَ فِيهِ سِتَّةَ أَحَادِيثَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ بِنَفْسِ الْمَعْنَى (٩/١٤ وَآخِرُ حَدِيثٍ فِيهِ: عَنْ أَنَسٍ: " إِنَّمَا سَمَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْيُنَ أُولَئِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ سَمَلُوا أَعْيُنَ الرِّعَاءِ " وَعُرَيْنَةُ: حَيٌّ مِنْ قُضَاعَةَ وَحَيٌّ مِنْ بَجِيلَةَ مِنْ قَحْطَانَ. وَالْمُرَادُ هُنَا الثَّانِي. وَسَاقُوا ذَوْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: أَيْ أَخَذُوا إِبِلَهُ وَقَدَّمُوهَا أَمَامَهُمْ سَائِقِينَ لَهَا طَارِدِينَ. سَمَلَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ (فِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ: سَمَرَ) . وَمَعْنَى سَمَلَ: فَقَأَهَا وَأَذْهَبَ مَا فِيهَا. وَمَعْنَى سَمَرَ: كَحَلَهَا بِمَسَامِيرَ مَحْمِيَّةٍ. وَقِيلَ: هُمَا بِمَعْنًى. وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي الْحَرَّةِ: هِيَ أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ حِجَارَةٍ سُودٍ مَعْرُوفَةٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ
(٣) ن، م: فَإِنَّهُ