their opposition to what the Messenger—peace be upon him—brought, in the eyes of the learned and the general public alike(1). (1) (2) They stand in such stark contrast to what he brought that even groups whose knowledge of the Messenger’s religion does not equal that of others respond, when the Rāfidah tell them, ‘We are Muslims,’ ‘You are another kind altogether.’

This is why the Rāfidah ally themselves with the enemies of the religion whose hostility everyone recognizes—the Jews, Christians, and polytheists, including the pagan Turks—while opposing the allies of Allah, who are the best among the adherents of the religion and the foremost of the God-fearing, and who upheld it, conveyed it, and supported it.

This is also why the Rāfidah were among the greatest causes of the unbelieving Turks’ entry into the lands of Islam.

As for the affair of the vizier Ibn al-Alqamī and others, such as al-Nasīr al-Tūsī, with the unbelievers, and their collusion with them against the Muslims, it is known to the learned and the general public alike.

Likewise, those among them who were in the Levant supported the polytheists against the Muslims and assisted them in a manner known to the people.

Likewise, when Ghāzān arrived and the Muslim army was defeated, they supported the Christian unbelievers and other enemies of the Muslims. They sold them the Muslims’ children—as slaves—and their property, openly waged war against the Muslims, and some of them bore the banner of the cross.

They were also among the greatest causes of the Christians’ earlier conquest of Jerusalem, until the Muslims wrested it back from them.