16
that was plain and manifest, as anyone with even the slightest knowledge of hadith would recognize, as will be explained.
Third:
The hadiths (1) concerning Alī’s bond of brotherhood are all fabricated (2). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not take anyone as his brother, nor did he pair one Emigrant with another, Abū Bakr with Umar, or one Helper with another. Rather, when he first arrived in Medina, he paired the Emigrants with the Helpers (3).
As for the occasion of mutual imprecation, it was when the delegation from Najrān arrived in 9 or 10 AH (4).
Fourth:
The indications that this hadith is false are evident. One is that it says: “When the day of mutual imprecation came and he paired the Emigrants with the Helpers as brothers.” Yet the occasion of mutual imprecation was when the Christian delegation from Najrān arrived and Allah revealed Surah Āl Imrān, and this occurred in
(1) N, S: *hadītha* (“hadith” in the singular), which is a textual corruption.
(2) I previously commented on al-Tirmidhī’s weak hadith in this volume, p. 117; refer back to that discussion. In *Majma al-Zawāid*, 9/111–112, al-Haythamī mentions a hadith from Ibn Abbās—may Allah be pleased with him—concerning the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and Alī—may Allah be pleased with him—being joined in brotherhood. He then says: “Al-Tabarānī narrated it in *al-Kabīr* and *al-Awsat*. Its chain includes Hāmid ibn Ādam al-Marwazī, who is a liar.” He then mentions another hadith from Jābir—may Allah be pleased with him—and says: “Al-Tabarānī narrated it in *al-Awsat*. Its chain includes Ashath, the cousin of al-Hasan ibn Sālih; he is weak, and I could not identify him. A hadith concerning bonds of brotherhood among the Companions will appear in the section on the merits of several Companions—may Allah be pleased with them.” He then mentions a third hadith from Abū Umāma—may Allah be pleased with him—and says: “Al-Tabarānī narrated it through Bishr ibn Awn, who is weak.”
(3) See the preceding discussion in this volume, p. [0–9] 17. Al-Bukhārī records (5/69; *Book of the Merits of the Ansār*, chapter “How the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—Established Bonds of Brotherhood among His Companions”): “Abd al-Rahmān ibn Awf said: ‘When we came to Medina, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—joined me in brotherhood with Sad ibn al-Rabī.’” On this, see also Ibn Hishām’s *Sīra*, 2/150–153; *Zād al-Maād*, 3/63–65.
(4) See the hadith of *mubāhala* (mutual imprecation) discussed earlier in this volume, p. 119.
ظَاهِرًا مَكْشُوفًا يَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ كَذِبٌ مَنْ لَهُ أَدْنَى مَعْرِفَةٍ بِالْحَدِيثِ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ.
الثَّالِثُ:
أَنَّ أَحَادِيثَ
(١)
الْمُؤَاخَاةِ لِعَلِيٍّ كُلُّهَا مَوْضُوعَةٌ
(٢)
، وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُؤَاخِ أَحَدًا، وَلَا آخَى بَيْنَ مُهَاجِرِيٍّ وَمُهَاجِرِيٍّ، وَلَا بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، وَلَا بَيْنَ أَنْصَارِيٍّ وَأَنْصَارِيٍّ، وَلَكِنْ آخَى بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي أَوَّلِ قُدُومِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ
(٣)
.
وَأَمَّا الْمُبَاهَلَةُ فَكَانَتْ لَمَّا قَدِمَ وَفْدُ نَجْرَانَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ، أَوْ عَشْرٍ مِنِ الْهِجْرَةِ
(٤)
.
الرَّابِعُ:
أَنَّ دَلَائِلَ الْكَذِبِ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بَيِّنَةٌ مِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ قَالَ:
" لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْمُبَاهَلَةِ وَآخَى بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ "
، وَالْمُبَاهَلَةُ كَانَتْ لَمَّا قَدِمَ وَفْدُ نَجْرَانَ النَّصَارَى، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُورَةَ آلِ عِمْرَانَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي
(١) ن، س: حَدِيثَ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ
(٢) سَبَقَ أَنْ عَلَّقْتُ عَلَى حَدِيثِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ الضَّعِيفِ فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءِ، ص ١١٧ فَارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ. وَذَكَرَ الْهَيْثَمِيُّ فِي " مَجْمَعِ الزَّوَائِدِ " ٩/١١١ ـ ١١٢ حَدِيثًا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْمُؤَاخَاةِ بَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيرِ وَالْأَوْسَطِ، وَفِيهِ حَامِدُ بْنُ آدَمَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، وَهُوَ كَذَّابٌ " ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا آخَرَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: " رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ، وَفِيهِ أَشْعَثُ ابْنُ عَمِّ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ وَلَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ. وَيَأْتِي حَدِيثٌ فِي الْمُؤَاخَاةِ بَيْنَ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي مَنَاقِبِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ". ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا ثَالِثًا عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ: " رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ "
(٣) انْظُرْ مَا سَبَقَ هَذَا الْجُزْءَ، ص [٠ - ٩] ١٧ وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/٦٩ (كِتَابُ مَنَاقِبِ الْأَنْصَارِ، بَابُ كَيْفَ آخَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ) " وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: آخَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ لَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ " وَانْظُرْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ: سِيرَةَ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ ٢/١٥٠ ـ ١٥٣ ; زَادَ الْمَعَادِ ٣/٦٣ ـ ٦٥
(٤) انْظُرْ حَدِيثَ الْمُبَاهَلَةِ فِيمَا سَبَقَ فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءَ، ص ١١٩