16
is evidence that he was thereby seeking to placate him and set his heart at ease, because he had imagined that his appointment as deputy reflected weakness and a diminution of his standing. He therefore said this by way of consolation.
His words, “as Aaron was to Moses,” mean: in a position like Aaron’s. For (1) Aaron’s very position in relation to Moses cannot itself belong to anyone else; another can have only a position resembling it (2). Thus, this is like saying, “This is like that,” and like his statement concerning Abū Bakr, “His case is like that of Abraham and Jesus,” and concerning Umar, “His case is like that of Noah and Moses.”
Further evidence for this is that this (3) occurred in the year of Tabūk. Then, upon his return, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—“sent Abū Bakr as leader of the pilgrimage and sent Alī after him. Abū Bakr said [to Alī] (4), ‘Are you in command or under orders?’ [He replied, ‘Rather, I am under orders.’] (5) Accordingly, Abū Bakr was his commander, while Alī accompanied him as a subordinate accompanies his commander: he prayed behind him, obeyed his command (6), and made the proclamation in his wake (7) among the people during the pilgrimage: ‘Take heed: after this year no polytheist shall perform Hajj, nor shall anyone circumambulate the House naked.’” (8).
(1) N, S, and B read: “and indeed.”
(2) M reads: “something, part of which resembles it.”
(3) N, S, and B read: “that.”
(4) “to Alī” is added in M.
(5) The text in square brackets is added in M.
(6) The phrase “and obeyed his command” is omitted from S and B.
(7) “in his wake” is added in N, while “and proclaimed” is omitted from S.
(8) The hadith of Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—is recorded in al-Bukhārī, 1/78–79 (Book of Prayer, chapter “What Is Used to Cover the Private Parts”). Its wording is: “Abū Hurayra said: Abū Bakr sent me during that pilgrimage with a group of heralds on the Day of Sacrifice, and we proclaimed at Minā, ‘Take heed: after this year, no polytheist shall perform Hajj, and no naked person shall circumambulate the House.’ Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahmān (ibn Awf) said: The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—then sent Alī after him and instructed him to proclaim Barā'a. Abū Hurayra said: Alī then proclaimed on our behalf among the people of Minā on the Day of Sacrifice, ‘After this year, no polytheist shall perform Hajj, and no naked person shall circumambulate the House.’” The hadith also appears elsewhere in al-Bukhārī: 2/153 (Book of Hajj, chapter “No Naked Person Shall Circumambulate the House and No Polytheist Shall Perform Hajj”); 5/167 (Book of Military Expeditions, chapter “Abū Bakr’s Leadership of the People in Hajj in the Ninth Year”); 6/64 (Book of Tafsīr, commentary on Sūrat al-Tawba); and 4/102 (Book of Jizya, chapter “How a Treaty Is Renounced to Those Bound by It”). It is also found in Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 2/264–265 (Book of Pilgrimage Rites, chapter “The Day of the Greater Hajj”); Sunan al-Nasā'ī, 5/186 (Book of Pilgrimage Rites, chapter on the words of the Exalted, “Take your adornment at every mosque”); Sunan al-Dārimī, 2/237 (Book of Military Campaigns, chapter “Honoring Treaties Made with Polytheists”); and al-Musnad, al-Ma'ārif ed., 15/133–134. Other hadiths on the same subject are narrated from Abū Bakr, Alī, and other Companions—may Allah be pleased with them all. Ibn Kathīr cites some of them in his Tafsīr, al-Sha'b ed., 4/44, 53, and al-Tabarī cites others; see his Tafsīr, al-Ma'ārif ed., 14/98ff. See also al-Musnad, al-Ma'ārif ed., 1/156 and 2/32.
دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يَسْتَرْضِيهِ بِذَلِكَ، وَيُطَيِّبُ قَلْبَهُ لَمَّا تَوَهَّمَ مِنْ وَهَنِ الِاسْتِخْلَافِ، وَنَقْصِ دَرَجَتِهِ فَقَالَ هَذَا عَلَى سَبِيلِ الْجَبْرِ لَهُ.
وَقَوْلُهُ:
"
«بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى»
، أَيْ مِثْلُ مَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ، فَإِنَّ
(١)
نَفْسَ مَنْزِلَتِهِ مِنْ مُوسَى بِعَيْنِهَا لَا تَكُونُ لِغَيْرِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لَهُ مَا يُشَابِهُهَا
(٢)
فَصَارَ هَذَا كَقَوْلِهِ هَذَا مِثْلُ هَذَا،
وَقَوْلُهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ:
مَثَلُهُ مَثَلُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعِيسَى،
وَعُمَرَ:
مَثَلُهُ مَثَلُ نُوحٍ وَمُوسَى.
وَمِمَّا يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ هَذَا
(٣)
كَانَ عَامَ تَبُوكَ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَ رُجُوعِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «بَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْمَوْسِمِ، وَأَرْدَفَهُ بِعَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ
[لِعَلِيٍّ]
(٤)
: أَمِيرٌ أَمْ مَأْمُورٌ؟
[فَقَالَ:، بَلْ مَأْمُورٌ]
(٥)
فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَمِيرًا عَلَيْهِ،
وَعَلِيٌّ مَعَهُ كَالْمَأْمُورِ مَعَ أَمِيرِهِ:
يُصَلِّي خَلْفَهُ، وَيُطِيعُ أَمْرَهُ
(٦)
، وَيُنَادِي خَلْفَهُ
(٧)
مَعَ النَّاسِ بِالْمَوْسِمِ: أَلَا لَا يَحُجُّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ، وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ»
(٨)
.
(١) ن، س، ب: وَإِنَّ.
(٢) م: مَا يُشَاكِلُهَا بَعْضُهَا.
(٣) ن، س، ب: ذَلِكَ.
(٤) لَعَلِيٍّ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (م) .
(٥) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ زِيَادَةٌ فِي (م) .
(٦) عِبَارَةُ " وَيُطِيعُ أَمْرَهُ " سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (س) ، (ب) .
(٧) خَلْفَهُ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ن) ، وَسَقَطَتْ وَيُنَادِي مِنْ (س) .
(٨) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ١/٧٨ - ٧٩ (كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ مَا يُسْتَرُ مِنَ الْعَوْرَةِ) وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: (بَعَثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةِ فِي مُؤَذِّنِينَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ نُؤَذِّنُ بِمِنًى أَلَا لَا يَحُجُّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ، قَالَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمِنِ (بْنِ عَوْفٍ) : ثُمَّ أَرْدَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِيًّا فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ بِبَرَاءَةَ، قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ فَأَذَّنَ عَنَّا عَلِيٌّ فِي أَهْلِ مِنًى يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ: لَا يَحُجُّ بَعْدَ الْعَامِ مُشْرِكٌ وَلَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ " وَجَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخْرَى فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٢/١٥٣ (كِتَابُ الْحَجِّ، بَابُ لَا يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ عُرْيَانٌ وَلَا يَحُجُّ مُشْرِكٌ) ، ٥/١٦٧ (كِتَابُ الْمَغَازِي، بَابُ حَجِّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِالنَّاسِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ) ٦/٦٤ (كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ، تَفْسِيرُ سُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ) ، ٤/١٠٢ (كِتَابُ الْجَزْءَةِ، بَابُ كَيْفَ يُنْبَذُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْعَهْدِ) ، وَالْحَدِيثُ أَيْضًا فِي سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٢/٢٦٤ - ٢٦٥ (كِتَابُ الْمَنَاسِكِ بَابُ يَوْمَ الْحَجِّ الْأَكْبَرِ) ، سُنَنِ النَّسَائِيِّ ٥/١٨٦ (كِتَابُ الْمَنَاسِكِ: بَابُ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى خُذُوا مَنَاسِكَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ) سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ٢/٢٣٧ (كِتَابُ السِّيَرِ بَابٌ فِي الْوَفَاءِ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ بِالْعَهْدِ) ، الْمُسْنَدِ " ط. الْمَعَارِفِ " ١٥/١٣٣ - ١٣٤ وَجَاءَتْ أَحَادِيثُ أُخْرَى فِي نَفْسِ الْمَوْضُوعِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَشَارَ إِلَى بَعْضِهَا ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ (ط. الشُّعَبِ) ٤/٤٤، ٥٣ وَإِلَى بَعْضِهَا الطَّبَرِيُّ، انْظُرْ تَفْسِيرَهُ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١٤/٩٨ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَانْظُرِ الْمُسْنَدَ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ١/١٥٦، ٢/٣٢