Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/322)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Nor does the wording contain any clear indication that the caliphate is intended, for mawlā (ally and protector) has the same sense as walī. Allah Most High says:

“Your allies are only Allah, His Messenger, and those who believe.”

(Surah al-Mā’idah: 55)

And He says:

“If you two conspire against him, then Allah is surely his Protector, as are Gabriel and the righteous believers; and the angels, moreover, are his supporters.”

(Surah al-Tahrīm: 4)

Thus He made clear that the Messenger is the walī of the believers and that they are likewise his allies, just as He made clear that Allah is the walī of the believers, that they too are allies in return, and that (1) the believers are allies of one another.

Loyalty stands opposed to enmity, and it exists on both sides (2), even though one party may be higher in rank: the relationship from the higher party consists of benevolence and gracious favor, while from the other it consists of obedience and worship—just as Allah loves the believers and the believers love Him. Indeed, loyalty stands opposed to enmity, warfare, and deceit. The disbelievers do not love Allah and His Messenger; rather, they set themselves against (3) Allah and His Messenger and show enmity toward Him.

Allah Most High says:

“Do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies.”

(Surah al-Mumtahanah: 1)

He repays them accordingly, as Allah Most High says:

“If you do not, then be warned of war from Allah and His Messenger.”

(Surah al-Baqarah: 279)

He is the believers’ walī, and He is their mawlā (4), bringing them out of darkness into light. This being so, the meaning of Allah being the believers’ walī and mawlā, the Messenger being their walī and mawlā, and Alī being their mawlā, is (5) the bond of loyalty that stands opposed to enmity.

(1) The passage between the asterisks is omitted from M. (2) M reads: “in both directions.” (3) M reads: “and they seek to deceive.” (4) N, M, and S read: “He is the believers’ *mawlā* (ally and protector), and He is their *mawlā*”; B reads: “and He is the believers’ *walī* (ally and protector) and their *mawlā*.” Perhaps the correct reading is the one I have adopted. (5) N and M read *huwa* (“it is,” masculine); S reads *hum* (“they are”).

وَلَيْسَ فِي الْكَلَامِ مَا يَدُلُّ دَلَالَةً بَيِّنَةً عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِهِ الْخِلَافَةُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمَوْلَى كَالْوَلِيِّ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ: {إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا} (سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٥٥) ، وَقَالَ: {وَإِنْ تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلَاهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ} (سُورَةُ التَّحْرِيمِ: ٤) * فَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ الرَّسُولَ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنَّهُمْ مَوَالِيهِ أَيْضًا، كَمَا بَيَّنَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنَّهُمْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُمْ، وَأَنَّ * (١) الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ. فَالْمُوَالَاةُ ضِدُّ الْمُعَادَاةِ، وَهِيَ تَثْبُتُ مِنَ الطَّرَفَيْنِ (٢) ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُ الْمُتَوَالِيَيْنِ أَعْظَمَ قَدْرًا وَوِلَايَتُهُ إِحْسَانٌ وَتَفَضُّلٌ، وَوِلَايَةُ الْآخَرِ طَاعَةٌ وَعِبَادَةٌ، كَمَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُحِبُّونَهُ، فَإِنَّ الْمُوَالَاةَ ضِدُّ الْمُعَادَاةِ وَالْمُحَارَبَةِ وَالْمُخَادَعَةِ، وَالْكُفَّارُ لَا يُحِبُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَيُحَادُّونَ (٣) اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيُعَادُونَهُ. وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى: {لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ} (سُورَةُ الْمُمْتَحِنَةِ: ١) ، وَهُوَ يُجَازِيهِمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ} (سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٧٩) . وَهُوَ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَهُوَ مَوْلَاهُمْ (٤) يُخْرِجُهُمْ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ فَمَعْنَى كَوْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَوْلَاهُمْ، وَكَوْنِ الرَّسُولِ وَلِيَّهُمْ وَمَوْلَاهُمْ، وَكَوْنِ عَلِيٍّ مَوْلَاهُمْ هِيَ (٥) الْمُوَالَاةُ الَّتِي هِيَ ضِدُّ الْمُعَادَاةِ.

(١) مَا بَيْنَ النَّجْمَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (م) . (٢) م: مِنَ الطَّرِيقَيْنِ. (٣) م: وَيُخَادِعُونَ. (٤) ن، م، س: هُوَ مَوْلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَهُوَ مَوْلَاهُمْ، ب: وَهُوَ وَلِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَوْلَاهُمْ، وَلَعَلَّ الصَّوَابَ مَا أَثْبَتُّهُ. (٥) ن، م: هُوَ، س: هُمْ.