Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/304)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Fourth:

The male descendants of Abd al-Muttalib did not number forty when this verse was revealed, for it was revealed in Mecca at the outset. Indeed, they never numbered forty at any point during the lifetime of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. By universal agreement, only four of Abd al-Muttalib’s sons left descendants: al-Abbās, Abū Tālib, al-Hārith, and Abū Lahab. All of Abd al-Muttalib’s progeny descended from these four and belong to Banū Hāshim. Only four of the Prophet’s paternal uncles lived to see(1) his prophethood: al-Abbās, Hamza, Abū Tālib, and Abū Lahab. Two believed—Hamza and al-Abbās(2)—while two disbelieved. One of the latter supported and assisted him, namely Abū Tālib; the other opposed him and aided his enemies, namely Abū Lahab.

As for the Prophet’s paternal uncles and their sons, Abū Tālib had four sons: Tālib, Aqīl, Ja‘far, and Alī. Tālib did not live to see Islam, but the other three did. Alī and Ja‘far embraced the faith at the beginning of Islam. Ja‘far emigrated to Abyssinia and then to Medina in the year of Khaybar.

Meanwhile, [Aqīl](3) had taken possession of the residences(4) of Banū Hāshim when they emigrated and had disposed of them. Hence, during the Prophet’s pilgrimage, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the following exchange took place: “He was asked, ‘Shall we stay tomorrow in your house in Mecca?’ He replied, ‘Has Aqīl left us any house?’”(5).

(1) N reads: “and he did not mention,” which is a corruption. (2) M reads: “They were al-Abbās and Hamza.” (3) “Aqīl” is omitted from N, M, and S. In the margin of S, beside this passage, is written: “Perhaps it is Aqīl.” (4) N reads: *riyā‘*; the word is unpointed in M. (5) The hadith narrated by Usāma ibn Zayd, may Allah be pleased with them both, is recorded in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī* (2:147, Book of Hajj, chapter “The Inheritance of Houses in Mecca and Their Sale and Purchase”). Its wording is: Usāma said, “O Messenger of Allah, where will you stay in your residence in Mecca?” He replied, “Has Aqīl left any residences or houses?” Aqīl and Tālib inherited from Abū Tālib, whereas Ja‘far and Alī—may Allah be pleased with them both—inherited nothing from him, because they were Muslims, while Aqīl and Tālib were disbelievers.…” The hadith is also recorded in *Sahīh Muslim* (2:984–985, Book of Hajj, chapter “The Pilgrim’s Lodging in Mecca and the Inheritance of Its Houses”) and *Sunan Ibn Mājah* (2:912, Book of Inheritance, chapter “The Inheritance of Muslims from Polytheists”).

الرَّابِعُ: أَنَّ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا حِينَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ ; فَإِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ بِمَكَّةَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْأَمْرِ، ثُمَّ وَلَا بَلَغُوا أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا فِي مُدَّةِ حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ; فَإِنَّ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَمْ يُعَقِّبْ مِنْهُمْ بِاتِّفَاقِ النَّاسِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ: الْعَبَّاسُ، وَأَبُو طَالِبٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ، وَأَبُو لَهَبٍ. وَجَمِيعُ وَلَدِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ، وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَلَمْ يُدْرِكِ (١) . النُّبُوَّةَ مِنْ عُمُومَتِهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ: الْعَبَّاسُ، وَحَمْزَةُ، وَأَبُو طَالِبٍ وَأَبُو لَهَبٍ. فَآمَنُ اثْنَانِ، وَهُمَا: حَمْزَةُ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ (٢) ، وَكَفَرَ اثْنَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصَرَهُ وَأَعَانَهُ، وَهُوَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ، وَالْآخَرُ عَادَاهُ وَأَعَانَ أَعْدَاءَهُ، وَهُوَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ. وَأَمَّا الْعُمُومَةُ وَبَنُو الْعُمُومَةِ، فَأَبُو طَالِبٍ كَانَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ بَنِينَ: طَالِبٌ، وَعَقِيلٌ، وَجَعْفَرٌ، وَعَلِيٌّ. وَطَالِبٌ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ الْإِسْلَامَ، وَأَدْرَكَهُ الثَّلَاثَةُ فَآمَنَ عَلِيٌّ، وَجَعْفَرٌ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَهَاجَرَ جَعْفَرٌ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، ثُمَّ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ. وَكَانَ [عَقِيلٌ] (٣) . قَدِ اسْتَوْلَى عَلَى رِبَاعِ (٤) . بَنِي هَاشِمٍ لَمَّا هَاجَرُوا وَتَصَرَّفَ فِيهَا، وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا «قِيلَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّتِهِ: " نَنْزِلُ غَدًا فِي دَارِكَ بِمَكَّةَ " قَالَ: " وَهَلْ تَرَكَ لَنَا عَقِيلٌ مِنْ دَارٍ؟» " (٥) .

(١) ن: وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ (٢) م: وَهَمَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَحَمْزَةُ. (٣) عَقِيلٌ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) ، (س) وَفِي هَامِشٍ (س) ، أَمَامَ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ كَتَبَ: " لَعَلَّهُ عَقِيلٌ " (٤) ن: رِيَاعِ، وَالْكَلِمَةُ غَيْرُ مَنْقُوطَةٍ فِي (م) (٥) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٢/١٤٧ (كِتَابُ الْحَجِّ، بَابُ تَوْرِيثِ دُورِ مَكَّةَ وَبَيْعِهَا وَشِرَائِهَا) ، وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيْنَ تَنْزِلُ فِي دَارِكَ بِمَكَّةَ؟ فَقَالَ: " وَهَلْ تَرَكَ عَقِيلٌ مِنْ رِبَاعٍ أَوْ دُورٍ؟ " وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ وَرِثَ أَبَا طَالِبٍ هُوَ وَطَالِبٌ، وَلَمْ يَرِثْهُ جَعْفَرٌ وَلَا عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا شَيْئًا ; لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ، وَكَانَ عَقِيلٌ وَطَالِبٌ كَافِرَيْنِ. . . إِلَخْ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي مُسْلِمٍ ٢/٩٨٤ - ٩٨٥ (كِتَابُ الْحَجِّ، بَابُ النُّزُولِ بِمَكَّةَ لِلْحَاجِّ وَتَوْرِيثِ دُورِهَا) ، سُنَنِ ابْنِ مَاجَهْ ٢/٩١٢ (كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ، بَابُ مِيرَاثِ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكَ) .