the Pen” (1) mean that it was the first thing created within this world. Allah has stated that He created this world in six days. Thus, when He created it, there was a span of time by which its creation could be measured (2), a span divisible into days. It is therefore known that time existed before Allah created the sun and moon and brought night and day into being in this world.
It is related in both Sahih collections that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said in his sermon during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage:
“Time has come full circle to the state it was in on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year consists of twelve months, four of which are sacred: Dhū al-Qi‘dah, Dhū al-Hijjah, al-Muharram, and Rajab of Mudar, which falls between Jumādā and Sha‘bān.” (3)
And in
(1) The hadith narrated from Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 4/311 (Book of the Sunnah, chapter “Concerning Divine Decree”). Its wording is: “... Ubāda ibn al-Sāmit said to his son: ‘... I heard the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say: “Indeed, the first thing Allah created was the Pen. He said to it, ‘Write.’ It asked, ‘My Lord, what shall I write?’ He said, ‘Write the decrees governing everything until the Hour comes.’” My son, I heard the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say: “Whoever dies adhering to anything other than this is not of me.”’” The hadith is also narrated from him—may Allah be pleased with him—in two places in *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*: 3/310–311 (Book of Divine Decree, a chapter therein), where al-Tirmidhī said, “This is a *gharīb* hadith”; and 5/96 (Book of Tafsīr, *Sūrat Nūn wa-l-Qalam* [Nūn and the Pen]), where al-Tirmidhī said, “This is a *hasan sahih gharīb* hadith,” and it is also narrated from Ibn Abbās. The hadith is likewise found in *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 5/317.
(2) N and M read: “a span of time by His power.”
(3) This is part of a lengthy hadith narrated from Abū Bakra—may Allah be pleased with him—found in several places in *Sahīh al-Bukhārī*, including: 9/133 (Book of Tawhīd, chapter on the saying of Allah Most High, “Faces on that Day will be radiant”); 7/100 (Book of Sacrifices, chapter “Those Who Say That al-Adhā Is on the Day of Sacrifice”); and 4/107 (Book of the Beginning of Creation, chapter “What Has Been Related concerning Seven Earths”), where the hadith begins, “Time has come full circle...” It is also found in *Sahīh Muslim*, 3/1305–1306 (Book of Qasāma, chapter “The Emphatic Prohibition against Bloodshed...”), where it begins, “Indeed, time...” It is further found in *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 2/265 (Book of Pilgrimage Rites, chapter “The Sacred Months”), and *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī ed.), 5/37, where it begins, “Behold, time...”