Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/281)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

for if the term “inheritance” can bear either meaning (1), then it is possible that [those] (2) prophets inherited in the same way that Alī inherited from the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him.

As for Ahl al-Sunnah, they know that the knowledge bequeathed by the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—was not given exclusively to Alī. Rather, every one (3) of his Companions received a share commensurate with his capacity. Knowledge is not like property: what one person inherits may also be inherited by another, without the two competing for it (4). Nothing prevents one person from knowing what another knows, whereas one person cannot take the very property another has already taken.

Fifth: The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—affirmed brotherhood for people other than Alī. As reported in the two Sahih collections, he said to Zayd, “You are our brother and our freedman.” (5)

When the Prophet sought his daughter’s hand in marriage, Abū Bakr said to him, “Are you not my brother?” He replied, “I am your brother, but your daughter is lawful for me.” (6)

It is also recorded in the Sahih that he said regarding Abū Bakr, “There remains, however, the brotherhood of Islam.” (7)

(1) M reads: “For if inheritance can bear both this meaning and that.” This is a textual corruption. (2) “Those” is an addition in M. (3) M reads: “was.” This is a textual corruption. (4) M reads: “and the two do not show mercy to one another.” This is a textual corruption. (5) This hadith was cited above at 4/34 and, Allah willing, will occur twice later in this volume. (6) The hadith of Urwa ibn al-Zubayr is recorded in *al-Bukhārī*, 7/5 (Book of Marriage, chapter on giving young girls in marriage to older men). Its wording is: “The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—asked Abū Bakr for Ā’isha’s hand in marriage. Abū Bakr said to him, ‘But I am your brother.’ He replied, ‘You are my brother in the religion of Allah and His Book, but she is lawful for me.’” Ibn Hajar states in *Fath al-Bārī*, 9/124: “Although its form of transmission appears to be *mursal*—with the Companion narrator omitted—it is a report by Urwa concerning an incident involving his maternal aunt Ā’isha and his maternal grandfather Abū Bakr. It therefore appears that he received it from his aunt Ā’isha or from his mother, Asmā’ bint Abī Bakr.” (7) This hadith was cited above at 5/20.

إِذْ لَفْظُ " الْإِرْثِ " إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَمِلًا لِهَذَا وَلِهَذَا (١) أَمْكَنَ أَنَّ [أُولَئِكَ] (٢) الْأَنْبِيَاءَ وُرِثُوا كَمَا وَرِثَ عَلِيٌّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -. وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ السُّنَّةِ فَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ مَا وَرَّثَهُ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنَ الْعِلْمِ لَمْ يُخْتَصَّ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ، بَلْ كُلٌّ (٣) مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ حَصَلَ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ بِحَسَبِهِ، وَلَيْسَ الْعِلْمُ كَالْمَالِ، بَلِ الَّذِي يَرِثُهُ هَذَا يَرِثُهُ هَذَا وَلَا يَتَزَاحَمَانِ (٤) ; إِذْ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ هَذَا مَا عَلِمَهُ هَذَا، كَمَا يَمْتَنِعُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ هَذَا الْمَالَ الَّذِي أَخَذَهُ هَذَا. الْوَجْهُ الْخَامِسُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ أَثْبَتَ الْأُخُوَّةَ لِغَيْرِ عَلِيٍّ، كَمَا فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّهُ «قَالَ لِزَيْدٍ: " أَنْتَ أَخُونَا وَمَوْلَانَا» (٥) . «وَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَمَّا خَطَبَ ابْنَتَهُ: أَلَسْتَ أَخِي؟ قَالَ: " أَنَا أَخُوكَ، وَبِنْتُكَ حَلَالٌ لِي» (٦) . وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي حَقِّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: " «وَلَكِنْ أُخُوَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ» " (٧) .

(١) م: فَإِنَّ الْإِرْثَ إِذَا كَانَ يَتَحَمَّلُ لِهَذَا وَلِهَذَا، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٢) أُولَئِكَ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (م) . (٣) م: كَانَ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٤) م: وَلَا يَتَرَحَّمَانِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٥) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٤/٣٤ وَسَيَرِدُ فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءِ مَرَّتَيْنِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. (٦) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٧/٥ (كِتَابُ النِّكَاحِ، بَابُ تَزْوِيجِ الصِّغَارِ مِنَ الْكِبَارِ) ، وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَ عَائِشَةَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّمَا أَنَا أَخُوكَ. فَقَالَ: " أَنْتَ أَخِي فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ وَكِتِابِهِ، وَهِيَ لِي حَلَالٌ) . قَالَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ فِي " فَتْحِ الْبَارِي " ٩/١٢٤: " إِنَّهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ صُورَةُ سِيَاقِهِ الْإِرْسَالَ فَهُوَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عُرْوَةَ فِي قِصَّةٍ وَقَعَتْ لِخَالَتِهِ عَائِشَةَ وَجَدِّهِ لِأُمِّهِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ حَمَلَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ خَالَتِهِ عَائِشَةَ أَوْ عَنْ أُمِّهِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ". (٧) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٥/٢٠