Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

The bonds of brotherhood were established in the homes of Banū al-Najjār, as Anas reported in an authentic hadith. They were not established in the Prophet’s Mosque—peace and blessings be upon him—as alleged in the fabricated hadith. Rather, they were established in a house belonging to a member of Banū al-Najjār (1); the Prophet had built his mosque in their quarter.

The report by Anas concerning these bonds of brotherhood is recorded in the two Sahih collections through Āsim ibn Sulaymān al-Ahwal, who said:

I said to Anas, “I have been informed that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said, ‘There is no alliance in Islam.’” Anas replied, “The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—did indeed establish an alliance between Quraysh and the Ansār in my house.” (2)

Fourth: The statement in this hadith—“You are my brother and my heir”—is false according to both Ahl al-Sunnah and the Shia. If he meant inheritance of property, their assertion that Fātimah inherited from him would be invalid. How could a paternal cousin inherit when a paternal uncle—namely, al-Abbās—was still alive? And what singled him out to inherit rather than all the other paternal cousins, who stood in the same degree of kinship? If he meant (3) “an heir (4) to knowledge and authority,” their argument based on His words,

“Solomon inherited from David” [Surah al-Naml: 16],

and His words,

“So grant me, by Your grace, an heir who will inherit from me” [Surah Maryam: 5–6],

would be invalid;

(1) All copies read: “and his mosque, if it belonged to one of Banū al-Najjār.” This is an obvious error; perhaps the correct reading is the one I have adopted in the text. (2) The hadith of Anas ibn Mālik—may Allah be pleased with him—is recorded in *al-Bukhārī*, 3/96 (Book of Suretyship, chapter on the words of Allah Most High: “And those whom your right hands have bound by oath…”). Its wording is: “Āsim narrated to us: I asked Anas—may Allah be pleased with him—‘Have you been informed that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said, “There is no alliance in Islam”?’ He replied, ‘The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—established an alliance between Quraysh and the Ansār in my house.’” This hadith is also recorded in *Muslim*, 4/1960 (Book of the Virtues of the Companions, chapter on the Prophet’s establishment of bonds of brotherhood among his Companions), *Sunan Abī Dāwūd*, 3/178 (Book of Inheritance Shares, chapter on alliances), and elsewhere in the collections of the Sunnah. (3) M reads: “and if you mean.” (4) S and B read: “inheritance.”
وَكَانَتِ الْمُؤَاخَاةُ فِي دُورِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ أَنَسٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ، لَمْ تَكُنْ فِي مَسْجِدِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - كَمَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمَوْضُوعِ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ فِي دَارٍ كَانَ لِبَعْضِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ (١) ، وَبَنَاهُ فِي مَحِلَّتِهِمْ. فَالْمُؤَاخَاةُ الَّتِي أَخْبَرَ بِهَا أَنَسٌ مَا فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْأَحْوَلِ، قَالَ: قُلْتٌ لِأَنَسٍ: «أُبْلِغَتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: " لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ " . فَقَالَ أَنَسٌ: قَدْ حَالَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي دَارِي» (٢) . الرَّابِعُ: أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «أَنْتَ أَخِي وَوَارِثِي» ، بَاطِلٌ عَلَى قَوْلِ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالشِّيعَةِ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ أَرَادَ مِيرَاثَ الْمَالِ بَطَلَ قَوْلُهُمْ: إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَرِثَتْهُ. وَكَيْفَ يَرِثُ ابْنُ الْعَمِّ مَعَ وُجُودِ الْعَمِّ وَهُوَ الْعَبَّاسُ؟ وَمَا الَّذِي خَصَّهُ بِالْإِرْثِ دُونَ سَائِرِ بَنِي الْعَمِّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي دَرَجَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ؟ وَإِنْ أَرَادَ (٣) : وَارِثَ (٤) الْعِلْمِ وَالْوِلَايَةِ، بَطَلَ احْتِجَاجُهُمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: {وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَانُ دَاوُدَ} [سُورَةُ النَّمْلِ: ١٦] وَقَوْلُهُ: {فَهَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا - يَرِثُنِي} [سُورَةُ مَرْيَمَ: ٥، ٦] ;
(١) فِي جَمِيعِ النُّسَخِ: وَمَسْجِدُهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لِبَعْضِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ ظَاهِرٌ، وَلَعَلَّ الصَّوَابَ مَا أَثْبَتُّهُ. (٢) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٣/٩٦ (كِتَابُ الْكَفَالَةِ، بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ. . .) وَنَصُّهُ: " حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمٌ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: أَبَلَغَكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ؟ فَقَالَ: قَدْ حَالَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْأَنْصَارِ فِي دَارِي ". وَجَاءَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَيْضًا فِي مُسْلِمٍ ٤/١٩٦٠ " كِتَابُ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، بَابُ مُؤَاخَاةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ، سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ٣/١٧٨ (كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ، بَابٌ: فِي الْحِلْفِ) ، وَفِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخْرَى فِي كُتُبِ السُّنَّةِ. (٣) م: وَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ. (٤) س، ب: إِرْثُ.

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