The signs and causes of hypocrisy in general are more evident among the Rāfidah than among any other group within the Muslim community. Indeed, gross and manifest hypocrisy is found among them to a degree not found among others. The emblem of their religion is “taqiyyah (dissimulation),” which consists in saying with the tongue what is not in the heart—and this is a sign of hypocrisy.

Allah Most High says:

“What befell you on the day the two armies met was by Allah’s leave, so that He might distinguish the believers, and distinguish those who acted hypocritically. When they were told, ‘Come, fight in the way of Allah, or defend,’ they replied, ‘Had we known that fighting would take place, we would certainly have followed you.’ That day they were closer to disbelief than to faith. They say with their mouths what is not in their hearts, and Allah knows best what they conceal.”

[Sūrat Āl Imrān: 166–167].

And He Most High says:

“They swear by Allah that they said nothing, yet they certainly uttered the word of disbelief and disbelieved after having embraced Islam, and they plotted what they were unable to carry out.”

[Sūrat al-Tawbah: 74] (1).

And He Most High says:

“In their hearts is a disease, so Allah increased their disease; and they will suffer a painful punishment because they used to lie.”

[Sūrat al-Baqarah: 10] This has two variant readings (2): “they used to lie” and “they used to deny the truth” (3).

In sum, [the signs](4) of hypocrisy—such as lying, betrayal, breaking(5) promises, and treachery—are found in no group more abundantly than among the Rāfidah. These are among their long-standing traits, so much so that they used to betray Alī, al-Hasan, and al-Husayn.