16
the warner(1), and Alī is the guide. Through you(2), O Alī, those who are guided receive guidance.’ Abū Nuaym narrated a similar report, and it explicitly affirms authority and imamate(3).”
The response is given in several respects:
First: No evidence has established its authenticity, so it is impermissible to use [it](4) as proof. The book al-Firdaws by al-Daylamī(5) contains many fabricated reports. Scholars unanimously agree that the mere fact that he narrated a hadith does not establish its authenticity. Likewise, Abū Nuaym’s narration does not establish authenticity.
Second: By the unanimous agreement of hadith scholars, this is a fabricated lie(6), so it must be declared false and rejected.
(1) K reads: “*anā al-nadhīr* (‘I am the warner’).”
(2) K reads: “*wa-bika* (‘and through you’).”
(3) K reads: “regarding the establishment of his imamate and *wilāya* (authority).”
(4) *Bihi* (“it”) is omitted from N and M.
(5) Abū Shujā Shīrawayh ibn Shahardār ibn Fanākhisrū al-Daylamī al-Hamadhānī was a historian and hadith scholar, born in 445 AH and deceased in 509 AH. He authored *Firdaws al-Akhbār*, a large hadith work. Ibn Shahardār abridged it, and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalānī subsequently abridged that abridgment. See his biography in *Tabaqāt al-Shāfiiyya*, 7:111–112—which states that he was nicknamed Ilkiyā—*al-Alām*, 3:268; *Mujam al-Muallifīn*, 4:313; and *Kashf al-Zunūn*, p. 1254.
(6) Al-Tabarī narrated this fabricated hadith in his *Tafsīr* (al-Maārif ed.), 16:357, saying: “Ahmad ibn Yahyā al-Sūfī reported to us, saying: al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn al-Ansārī reported to us, saying: Muādh ibn Muslim, the seller of Harawī cloth, reported to us from Atā ibn al-Sāib, from Saīd ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbās, who said: When the words ‘You are only a warner, and every people has a guide’ were revealed, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) placed his hand on his chest and said, ‘I am the warner, and every people has a guide.’ He then gestured toward Alī’s shoulder and said, ‘You are the guide, O Alī. Through you, those who are guided after me will receive guidance.’”
My teacher, Professor Mahmūd Muhammad Shākir, commented on this fabricated hadith: “Al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn al-Ansārī al-Uranī was apparently called ‘al-Uranī’ because he frequented the mosque of Habbah al-Uranī. He was one of the Shia’s leaders, was not trustworthy, and could not be relied upon as proof. Ibn Hibbān said: ‘He transmits, on the authority of reliable narrators, reports falsely attached to them, and he narrates inverted and objectionable reports.’ His biography appears in Ibn Abī Hātim, 1/2/6; *Mīzān al-Itidāl*, 1:225; and *Lisān al-Mīzān*, 2:198.
“Muādh ibn Muslim, the seller of Harawī cloth, is not mentioned with this designation anywhere outside the *Tafsīr*. Harawī refers to garments named after Herat. The printed edition rendered the phrase as ‘al-Harawī reported to us,’ thereby severely corrupting the *isnād* (chain of transmission). Muādh ibn Muslim is *majhūl* (unknown), as Ibn Abī Hātim stated. His biography appears in Ibn Abī Hātim, 4:248; *Mīzān al-Itidāl*, 3:178; and *Lisān al-Mīzān*, vol. 6. This report is utterly unsound from every angle. Al-Dhahabī and Ibn Hajar also cited it in their biographical entry on al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn al-Ansārī. After reproducing the report with its chain and wording and likewise attributing it to Ibn Jarīr, they said: ‘Muādh is *nakira* (unrecognized); perhaps the defect lies with him.’ I say: Rather, the defect lies with both of them—al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn and Muādh ibn Muslim.” See also the discussion of this hadith in *Mukhtasar al-Tuhfa al-Ithnā Ashariyya*, p. 157.
الْمُنْذِرُ
(١)
وَعَلِيٌّ الْهَادِي، بِكَ
(٢)
يَا عَلِيُّ يَهْتَدِي الْمُهْتَدُونَ» . وَنَحْوُهُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَهُوَ صَرِيحٌ فِي ثُبُوتِ الْوِلَايَةِ وَالْإِمَامَةِ
(٣)
".
وَالْجَوَابُ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ:
أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّ هَذَا لَمْ يَقُمْ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ الِاحْتِجَاجُ
[بِهِ]
(٤)
. وَكِتَابُ " الْفِرْدَوْسِ " لِلدَّيْلَمِيِّ
(٥)
فِيهِ مَوْضُوعَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنَّ مُجَرَّدَ كَوْنِهِ رَوَاهُ لَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَكَذَلِكَ رِوَايَةُ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ لَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى الصِّحَّةِ.
الثَّانِي:
أَنَّ هَذَا كَذِبٌ مَوْضُوعٌ بِاتِّفَاقِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ
(٦)
، فَيَجِبُ تَكْذِيبُهُ وَرَدُّهُ.
(١) ك: أَنَا النَّذِيرُ.
(٢) ك: وَبِكَ.
(٣) ك: فِي ثُبُوتِ الْإِمَامَةِ وَالْوِلَايَةِ لَهُ.
(٤) بِهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٥) هُوَ أَبُو شُجَاعٍ شِيرَوَيْهِ بْنُ شَهْرَدَارَ بْنِ فَنَاخِسْرُو الدَّيْلَمِيُّ الْهَمَذَانِيُّ، مُؤَرِّخٌ وَمُحَدِّثٌ وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ٤٤٥ وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ٥٠٩ لَهُ كِتَابُ فِرْدَوْسِ الْأَخْبَارِ " كِتَابٌ كَبِيرٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ، اخْتَصَرَهُ ابْنُ شَهْرَدَارَ ثُمَّ اخْتَصَرَ الْمُخْتَصَرَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ، انْظُرْ تَرْجَمَتَهُ فِي: طَبَقَاتِ الشَّافِعِيَّةِ ٧/١١١ - ١١٢ (وَقَالَ: وَكَانَ يُلَقَّبُ إِلْكِيَا) الْأَعْلَامِ ٣/٢٦٨ مُعْجَمِ الْمُؤَلِّفِينَ ٤/٣١٣، كَشْفِ الظُّنُونِ ١٢٥٤
(٦) رَوَى الطَّبَرِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الْمَوْضُوعَ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ " ط الْمَعَارِفِ " ١٦/٣٥٧ فَقَالَ " حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الصُّوفِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ بَيَّاعُ الْهَرَوَى، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ " إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مُنْذِرٌ وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هَادٍ " وَضَعَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا الْمُنْذِرُ وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هَادٍ وَأَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى مَنْكِبِ عَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَ: " أَنْتَ الْهَادِي يَا عَلِيُّ، بِكَ يَهْتَدِي الْمُهْتَدُونَ بَعْدِي ". قَالَ أُسْتَاذِي الْأُسْتَاذُ مَحْمُود مُحَمَّد شَاكِر فِي تَعْلِيقِهِ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْمَوْضُوعِ: " وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْعُرَنِيُّ كَأَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: " الْعَرَنِيُّ " لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَكُونُ فِي مَسْجِدِ " حَبَّةِ الْعَرَنِيِّ "، كَانَ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الشِّيعَةِ، لَيْسَ بِصَدُوقٍ، وَلَا تَقُومُ بِهِ حُجَّةٌ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ حِبَّانٍ: " يَأْتِي عَنِ الْأَثْبَاتِ بِالْمُلَزَّقَاتِ، وَيَرْوِي الْمَقْلُوبَاتِ وَالْمَنَاكِيرَ ". مُتَرْجَمٌ فِي ابْنِ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ١/٢ \ ٦ وَمِيزَانِ الِاعْتِدَالِ ١/٢٢٥ وَلِسَانِ الْمِيزَانِ ٢/٩٨ ١ وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ بَيَّاعُ الْهَرَوَى، لَمْ يُذْكَرْ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ " بَيَّاعِ الْهَرَوَى " فِي غَيْرِ التَّفْسِيرِ، وَالْهَرَوَى ثِيَابٌ تُنْسَبُ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، وَجَعَلَهَا فِي الْمَطْبُوعَةِ، " حَدَّثَنَا الْهَرَوَى " فَأَفْسَدَ الْإِسْنَادَ إِفْسَادًا. وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ مَجْهُولٌ، هَكَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، وَهُوَ مُتَرْجَمٌ فِي ابْنِ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ ٤ ٢٤٨ وَمِيزَانِ الِاعْتِدَالِ ٣/١٧٨، وَلِسَانِ الْمِيزَانِ ٦ وَهَذَا خَبَرٌ هَالِكٌ مِنْ نَوَاحِيهِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ الذَّهَبِيُّ وَابْنُ حَجَرٍ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ " الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ " قَالَا بَعْدَ أَنْ سَاقَا الْخَبَرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَلَفْظِهِ وَنِسْبَتِهِ لِابْنِ جَرِيرٍ أَيْضًا: " مُعَاذٌ نَكِرَةٌ، فَلَعَلَّ الْآفَةَ مِنْهُ "، وَأَقُولُ: بَلِ الْآفَةُ مِنْ كِلَيْهِمَا: الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَمُعَاذِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ". وَانْظُرْ مَا ذُكِرَ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي " مُخْتَصَرِ التُّحْفَةِ الِاثْنَى عَشْرِيَّةَ " ص ١٥٧