Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/118)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

—is one of the gravest absurdities, for Allah protects whomever He wills (1) among His creation without any such intervention. Their descent has only been reported for fighting on the Day of Badr and for matters (2) of similar magnitude. Had they descended to protect one person (3), they would have descended to protect the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and his Companion, for the enemies were hunting for them from every direction and had offered a blood-money bounty for each of them, while showing them harshness and ferocity and being consumed by hatred toward them.

Seventh:

This verse occurs in Surat al-Baqara, which is Medinan by consensus. It was revealed only after the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—had migrated to Medina; it was not revealed at the time of his migration (4).

It has been said that it was revealed when Suhayb emigrated and the polytheists pursued him, whereupon he gave them his wealth and proceeded to Medina. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—then said, “The bargain has proved profitable, Abū Yahyā!” This account is well known in Quranic exegesis and has been transmitted by more than one scholar (5). This is possible, for Suhayb migrated from Mecca to Medina.

Ibn Jarīr (6) said: “The scholars of interpretation differed (7) over the person [concerning whom] (8) this verse was revealed and whom it was intended to describe

(1) S, B: “whomever He wills.” (2) S: “and in matters of that kind”; B: “and in matters of that sort.” (3) M: “anyone.” (4) N: “after his migration”; S, B: “before his migration.” (5) The hadith appears in al-Hākim’s *al-Mustadrak*, 3/398. Al-Hākim said: “It is authentic according to Muslim’s criteria, although neither al-Bukhārī nor Muslim included it.” In his *Tafsīr*, al-Tabarī attributed these words to Umar ibn al-Khattāb—may Allah be pleased with him—and stated that the verse was revealed concerning Suhayb. Ibn Kathīr likewise stated this in his *Tafsīr*, but then added: “Ibn Mardawayh said…” He related through his chain of transmission the account of Suhayb’s migration—may Allah be pleased with him—until Suhayb said: “When I reached Medina, news of this reached the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and he said, ‘Suhayb has profited twice.’” See also Ibn al-Jawzī’s *Zād al-Masīr*. (6) In his *Tafsīr*, al-Ma'ārif edition, 4/247–248. (7) Al-Tabarī’s *Tafsīr* reads: “Then they differed.” (8) The word *fīhi* (“concerning whom”) is omitted from (N) N (M), (S).

أَعْظَمِ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ ; فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْفَظُ مَنْ شَاءَ (١) مِنْ خَلْقِهِ بِدُونِ هَذَا. وَإِنَّمَا رُوِيَ هُبُوطُهُمَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ، وَفِي مِثْلِ تِلْكَ الْأُمُورِ (٢) الْعِظَامِ، وَلَوْ نَزَلَا لِحِفْظِ وَاحِدٍ (٣) مِنَ النَّاسِ لَنَزَلَا لِحِفْظِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَصَدِيقِهِ، اللَّذَيْنِ كَانَ الْأَعْدَاءُ يَطْلُبُونَهُمَا مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ، وَقَدْ بَذَلُوا فِي كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا دِيَتَهُ، وَهُمْ عَلَيْهِمَا غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ سُودُ الْأَكْبَادِ. السَّابِعُ: أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَهِيَ مَدَنِيَّةٌ بِلَا خِلَافٍ، وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ بَعْدَ هِجْرَةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، لَمْ تَنْزِلْ وَقْتَ هِجْرَتِهِ (٤) . وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ لَمَّا هَاجَرَ صُهَيْبٌ وَطَلَبَهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ مَالَهُ، وَأَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: " رَبِحَ الْبَيْعُ أَبَا يَحْيَى " . وَهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ مَشْهُورَةٌ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ، نَقَلَهَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ (٥) . وَهَذَا مُمْكِنٌ ; فَإِنَّ صُهَيْبًا هَاجَرَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ (٦) : " اخْتَلَفَ (٧) أَهْلُ التَّأْوِيلِ فِيمَنْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ [فِيهِ] (٨) ، وَمَنْ عُنِيَ بِهَا

(١) س، ب: مَنْ يَشَاءُ. (٢) س: وَفِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ الْأُمُورِ، ب: وَفِي مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ. (٣) م: أَحَدٍ. (٤) ن: بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ، س، ب: قَبْلَ هِجْرَتِهِ. (٥) الْحَدِيثُ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ لِلْحَاكِمِ ٣/٣٩٨ وَقَالَ الْحَاكِمُ: صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ، وَنَسَبَ الطَّبَرِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي صُهَيْبٍ ; وَكَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ قَالَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: قَالَ ابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَسَاقَ بِسَنَدِهِ وَذَكَرَ خَبَرَ هِجْرَةِ صُهَيْبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: رَبِحَ صُهَيْبٌ مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَانْظُرْ: " زَادُ الْمَسِيرِ " لِابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ. (٦) فِي تَفْسِيرِه ط. الْمَعَارِفِ ٤/٢٤٧ - ٢٤٨ (٧) تَفْسِيرُ الطَّبَرِيِّ: ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفَ. (٨) فِيهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ن (م) ، (س)