Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/116)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

And remember when those who disbelieved plotted against you to restrain you, kill you, or drive you out. They plotted, and Allah planned; and Allah is the best of planners.”
[Surah al-Anfāl: 30]

And His words:

“Or do they say, ‘He is a poet; we await a fatal turn of fortune for him’?”—the verse
[Surah al-Tūr: 30].

Then Allah gave His Prophet (1) permission to migrate at that point (2).”

This makes clear that those people had no designs whatsoever against Ali. Moreover, the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—(3) had said, “Wrap yourself in this green mantle of mine and sleep in it, for none of them will reach you with anything you dislike.” Thus he—the truthful one—promised Ali that no harm would reach him, and his confidence rested upon the Messenger’s promise [—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—] (4).

Fourth: This hadith contains unmistakable evidence that it is false. For nothing like this falsehood—which is unbefitting of them—can be said of the angels. Neither of them is hungry, such that the other might give him preference in food; nor is there any danger, such that one might give his companion preference in safety (5). How, then, could Allah say to them, “Which of you will prefer that his companion live?” Nor is there any basis for establishing a bond of brotherhood between the angels. Rather, Gabriel has a task specific to him that Michael does not share, and Michael has a task specific to him that Gabriel does not share. As stated in the transmitted reports, Gabriel is charged with revelation and victory, while Michael is charged with provision and rain.

(1) Ibn Hishām cites the following verse—verse 31 of Sūrat al-Tūr—then four lines that Ibn Taymiyya abridged. He then says: “Ibn Ishāq said: Allah Most High gave His Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—permission…” (S) and (B) read: “Then He gave permission…” (2) Ibn Hishām reverses the order: “at that point, to migrate.” (3) (N) and (M) read: “Then the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace…” (4) (N) reads: “upon the Messenger’s promise”; (S) and (B) read: “upon the promise of Allah’s Messenger.” (5) (M) reads: “with the other.”

وَإِذْ يَمْكُرُ بِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيُثْبِتُوكَ أَوْ يَقْتُلُوكَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُوكَ وَيَمْكُرُونَ وَيَمْكُرُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ} [سُورَةُ الْأَنْفَالِ: ٣٠] وَقَوْلُهُ: {أَمْ يَقُولُونَ شَاعِرٌ نَتَرَبَّصُ بِهِ رَيْبَ الْمَنُونِ} الْآيَةَ [سُورَةُ الطُّورِ: ٣٠] وَأَذِنَ اللَّهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ (١) فِي الْهِجْرَةِ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ (٢) » . فَهَذَا يُبَيِّنُ أَنَّ الْقَوْمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ غَرَضٌ فِي عَلِيٍّ أَصْلًا. وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - (٣) قَدْ قَالَ: " اتَّشِحْ بِبُرْدِي هَذَا الْأَخْضَرِ، فَنَمْ فِيهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَنْ يَخْلُصَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ بِشَيْءٍ تَكْرَهُهُ " . فَوَعَدَهُ - وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ - أَنَّهُ لَا يَخْلُصُ إِلَيْهِ مَكْرُوهٌ، وَكَانَ طُمَأْنِينَتُهُ بِوَعْدِ الرَّسُولِ [- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -] (٤) . الرَّابِعُ: أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِيهِ مِنَ الدَّلَائِلِ عَلَى كَذِبِهِ مَا لَا يَخْفَى، فَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَا يُقَالُ فِيهِمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْبَاطِلِ الَّذِي لَا يَلِيقُ بِهِمْ، وَلَيْسَ أَحَدُهُمَا جَائِعًا فَيُؤْثِرُهُ الْآخَرُ بِالطَّعَامِ، وَلَا هُنَاكَ خَوْفٌ فَيُؤْثِرُ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ بِالْأَمْنِ (٥) ، فَكَيْفَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ لَهُمَا: أَيُّكُمَا يُؤْثِرُ صَاحِبَهُ بِالْحَيَاةِ؟ وَلَا لِلْمُؤَاخَاةِ بَيْنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَصْلٌ، بَلْ جِبْرِيلُ لَهُ عَمَلٌ يَخْتَصُّ بِهِ دُونَ مِيكَائِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلُ لَهُ عَمَلٌ يَخْتَصُّ بِهِ دُونَ جِبْرِيلَ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْآثَارِ أَنَّ الْوَحْيَ وَالنَّصْرَ لِجِبْرِيلَ، وَأَنَّ الرِّزْقَ وَالْمَطَرَ لِمِيكَائِيلَ.

(١) ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: ذَكَرَ الْآيَةَ التَّالِيَةَ ٣١ مِنْ سُورَةِ الطُّورِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَسْطُرٍ اخْتَصَرَهَا ابْنُ تَيْمِيَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَأَذِنَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفِي (س) (ب) : فَأَذِنَ. (٢) ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ. (٣) ن، م: فَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ. (٤) ن: بِوَعْدِ الرَّسُولِ س، ب: بِوَعْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ. (٥) م: بِالْآخَرِ.