Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

If, after all this, they say:

He is an eternal, complete cause, and His emanation is universal; but (1) it depends upon the coming into existence of receptive substrates and dispositions, whether through the emergence of celestial configurations and planetary conjunctions or through something else. (2)

They are to be told:

If you say, “He is the eternal cause of this originated thing,” it follows that this thing must have existed from eternity.

But if you say, “He does not become a complete cause until the receptive substrates come into existence,” you are to be told:

If the coming into existence of the receptive substrates is from Him, then He is the one who brings both into existence. Before bringing them into existence, therefore, He was the complete cause of neither one. Then He brought them (3) both into existence: the receptive substrate and that which it receives. If He brought them into existence (4) without anything new occurring, it necessarily follows that He either has always been their complete cause or has not become their complete cause. Consequently, these two originated things must either be eternal or nonexistent.

For if He has always been (5) their cause, they must be eternal; and if that completion did not occur, they must be nonexistent. Yet you maintain that the cause of these two originated things arose after it had not existed—that is, that it arose in its entirety after not having existed. (6) Yet there is nothing here that necessitates the arising of this completeness. (7) For the agent that brings about the completion (8) is in the same condition after completion as before completion, (9) and it is therefore impossible that—

(1) N and M read: “because it depends,” which is a corruption. (2) N and M read: “this.” (3) N reads: “except through an occurrence.” (4) B alone reads: “bringing them both into existence.” (5) B reads: “For if it has always been …”; A: “For it has always been.” (6) N and M read: “Their completeness arose after not having existed”; A: “It arose in its entirety after not having existed.” (7) N and M read: “the complete [cause].” (8) N and M read: “the complete [cause].” (9) N and M read: “after completion and before completion.”
فَإِذَا قَالُوا بَعْدَ هَذَا: إِنَّهُ عِلَّةٌ تَامَّةٌ أَزَلِيَّةٌ، وَإِنَّ فَيْضَهُ عَامٌّ لَكِنَّهُ (١) يَتَوَقَّفُ عَلَى حُدُوثِ الْقَوَابِلِ وَالِاسْتِعْدَادَاتِ، إِمَّا بِحُدُوثِ الْأَشْكَالِ الْفَلَكِيَّةِ وَالِاتِّصَالَاتِ الْكَوْكَبِيَّةِ، وَإِمَّا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ (٢) قِيلَ لَهُمْ: إِنْ قُلْتُمْ: هُوَ عِلَّةٌ أَزَلِيَّةٌ لِهَذَا الْحَادِثِ لَزِمَ وُجُودُهُ فِي الْأَزَلِ. وَإِنْ قُلْتُمْ: لَا يَصِيرُ عِلَّةً تَامَّةً إِلَّا بِحُدُوثِ الْقَوَابِلِ قِيلَ لَكُمْ: فَإِذَا كَانَ حُدُوثُ الْقَوَابِلِ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ الْمُحْدِثُ لَهُمَا جَمِيعًا، فَقَبْلَ إِحْدَاثِهِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عِلَّةً تَامَّةً لَا لِهَذَا وَلَا لِهَذَا، ثُمَّ أَحْدَثَهُمَا (٣) جَمِيعًا: الْقَابِلَ وَالْمَقْبُولَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ أَحْدَثَهُمَا (٤) بِدُونِ تَجَدُّدِ شَيْءٍ، لَزِمَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَمْ يَزَلْ عِلَّةً تَامَّةً لَهُمَا أَوْ لَمْ يَصِرْ عِلَّةً تَامَّةً لَهُمَا، فَيَلْزَمُ إِمَّا قِدَمُ هَذَيْنِ الْحَادِثَيْنِ وَإِمَّا عَدَمُهُمَا. فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَزَلْ (٥) عِلَّتَهُمَا لَزِمَ قِدَمُهُمَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَحْدُثْ لَزِمَ عَدَمُهُمَا، وَأَنْتُمْ تَجْعَلُونَ عِلَّةَ هَذَيْنِ الْحَادِثَيْنِ حَدَثَتْ بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ، أَيْ حَدَثَتْ بِتَمَامِهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ (٦) ، وَلَيْسَ هُنَا شَيْءٌ أَوْجَبَ حُدُوثَ التَّمَامِ (٧) ، فَإِنَّ الْفَاعِلَ لِلتَّمَامِ (٨) حَالَةٌ بَعْدَ التَّمَامِ وَحَالَةٌ قَبْلَ التَّمَامِ (٩) سَوَاءٌ، فَيُمْتَنَعُ أَنْ
(١) ن، م: لِكَوْنِهِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٢) ن، م: هَذَا. (٣) ن: إِلَّا بِحَدَثِ. (٤) ب (فَقَطْ) : إِحْدَاثُهُمَا. (٥) ب: فَإِنْ لَمْ تَزَلْ. .؛ ا: فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ تَزَلْ. (٦) ن، م: حَدَثَ تَمَامُهُمَا بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ؛ ا: حَدَثَ بِتَمَامِهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ. (٧) ن، م: التَّامِّ. (٨) ن، م: التَّامِّ. (٩) ن، م: بَعْدَ التَّمَامِ وَقَبْلَ التَّمَامِ.

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