and his disposition to acquire the requisite capacity. Traversing the first stretch had prevented this; when the impediment was removed (1), the necessitating factor took effect. His will and capacity were thereby completed, and he traversed the stretch.

The same applies to the downward motion of a stone: whenever it descends, a new force arises within it, whereas before [that] (2), this force was not present.

The same applies to the motion of the sun and the stars, especially since they maintain that their motion is voluntary, because particular conceptions and particular volitions are continually renewed [in them] (3), coming into being within them (4) little by little. Their leading authorities, Aristotle and others, explicitly stated this. In their view, the motion of these bodies is soul-driven. Thus, the complete necessitating factor for the second part of the motion arose only from it (5); that complete factor had not existed before. It inheres in the moving thing itself or in the mover—namely, the soul—in which particular conceptions, volitions, and powers arise, by means of which it moves (6) progressively, like a person walking.

They therefore cannot adduce any mover or moving thing whose state before the motion (7) and after it is identical, while motion proceeds from it little by little. No such thing exists, and sound reason deems it impossible. A temporal event can occur only when its complete necessitating factor comes into being, and that is its complete cause. Or, if you prefer, you may say: It cannot be determined to occur unless its complete determining factor—one that necessarily entails it—exists. 0