16
Household (1)? There are two views, both reported from Ahmad. The first is that they are not members of the Household. This is also narrated from Zayd ibn Arqam. \ 5 (2).
The second—and this is the correct view—is that his wives are among his family. It is authentically established in the two Sahīh collections that the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—taught them how to invoke blessings upon him:
“O Allah, bestow blessings upon Muhammad, his wives, and his descendants.” (3)
Moreover, Abraham’s wife belonged to his family and Household, as did Lot’s wife, according to the Quran. How, then, could Muhammad’s wives not belong to his family and Household? This verse also indicates that they are members of his Household; otherwise, mentioning the Household in this context would have no meaning.
As for the pious members of his community, they are his allies. It is authentically established that he said:
“The family of such-and-such a clan (4) are not allies of mine. My ally is only Allah and the righteous believers.” (5)
He thus made clear that his allies are the righteous believers. Likewise, another hadith states:
“My allies are the pious, wherever they may be, no matter where they are.” (6)
(1) M: “among his family.”
(2) N: “ibn Bāqam”; S: “ibn Bāra-qam.” Both are corruptions.
(3) This hadith was cited previously, 4/24.
(4) M: “that he said: ‘the family of Abū So-and-so.’”
(5) The hadith is narrated from Amr ibn al-As—may Allah be pleased with him—in Sahīh al-Bukhārī, 8/6 (Book of Manners, chapter: Maintaining Kinship through Its Proper Bonds). Its wording is: Amr ibn al-As said, “I heard the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say openly, not secretly: ‘Indeed, the family of Abū [a blank appears here in the copy of Muhammad ibn Jafar, from whom Amr ibn Abbās narrated, as stated by Amr—that is, Amr ibn Abbās] are not my allies. My only ally is Allah and the righteous believers.’” The hadith is also found in Sahīh Muslim, 1/197 (Book of Faith, chapter: Taking the Believers as Allies and Disassociating Oneself from Others…) and al-Musnad (al-Halabī ed.), 4/203.
(6) I did not find the hadith with this wording. However, a longer version is narrated from Muādh ibn Jabal—may Allah be pleased with him—in al-Musnad (al-Halabī ed.), 5/235. Its wording is: Muādh ibn Jabal said, “When the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—sent him to Yemen, the Messenger of Allah accompanied him to offer counsel. Muādh was mounted, while the Messenger of Allah walked beside his mount. When he had finished, he said, ‘Muādh, you may not meet me again after this year of mine; perhaps you will pass by this mosque of mine or my grave.’ Muādh wept in anguish at the prospect of being separated from the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Prophet then turned and faced Medina, saying, ‘The people closest to me are the God-fearing, whoever they may be and wherever they may be.’” Al-Albānī classified the hadith as authentic in Sahīh al-Jāmi al-Saghīr, 2/181–182. Ibn al-Athīr said in al-Nihāya fī Gharīb al-Hadīth: “Al-jasha means anguish at separation from a loved one.”
بَيْتِهِ
(١)
؟ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ،
هُمَا رِوَايَتَانِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ:
أَحَدُهُمَا: أَنَّهُنَّ لَسْنَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ. وَيُرْوَى هَذَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ. \ ٥
(٢)
.
وَالثَّانِي:
- هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ - أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَهُ مِنْ آلِهِ. فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
أَنَّهُ عَلَّمَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِ:
"
«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ»
"
(٣)
. وَلِأَنَّ امْرَأَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنْ آلِهِ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَامْرَأَةَ لُوطٍ مِنْ آلِهِ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، بِدَلَالَةِ الْقُرْآنِ. فَكَيْفَ لَا يَكُونُ أَزْوَاجُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ آلِهِ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ؟ . وَلِأَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَإِلَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِذِكْرِ ذَلِكَ فِي الْكَلَامِ مَعْنًى. وَأَمَّا الْأَتْقِيَاءُ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ فَهُمْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ.
كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:
«إِنَّ آلَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ
(٤)
لَيْسُوا لِي بِأَوْلِيَاءَ، وَإِنَّمَا وَلِيِّيَ اللَّهُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ»
(٥)
. فَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ صَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
وَكَذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ:
"
«إِنَّ أَوْلِيَائِيَ الْمُتَّقُونَ حَيْثُ كَانُوا وَأَيْنَ كَانُوا»
"
(٦)
.
(١) م: مِنْ آلِهِ.
(٢) ن: بْنِ بَاقَمَ، س: بْنِ بَارَقَمَ، وَكِلَاهُمَا تَحْرِيفٌ.
(٣) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٤/٢٤
(٤) م: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: آلَ أَبِي فُلَانٍ.
(٥) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٨ - ٦ (كِتَابُ الْأَدَبِ، بَابُ يَبُلُّ الرَّحِمُ بِبِلَاهَا) ، وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جِهَارًا غَيْرَ سِرٍّ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّ آلَ أَبِي - قَالَ عَمْرٌو (وَهُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ) : وَفِي كِتَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرَ (الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ) بِبَيَاضٍ - لَيْسُوا بِأَوْلِيَائِي، إِنَّمَا وَلِيِّيَ اللَّهُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ " وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ١/١٩٧ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابُ مُوَالَاةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمُقَاطَعَةِ غَيْرِهِمْ. . .) الْمُسْنَدُ ((ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ)) ٤/٢٠٣
(٦) لَمْ أَجِدِ الْحَدِيثَ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ، لَكِنْ جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ مُطَوَّلًا عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي: الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٥/٢٣٥ وَنَصُّهُ: عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُوصِيهِ، وَمُعَاذٌ رَاكِبٌ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمْشِي تَحْتَ رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: " يَا مُعَاذُ إِنَّكَ عَسَى أَنْ لَا تَلْقَانِي بَعْدَ عَامِي هَذَا، أَوْ لَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تَمُرَّ بِمَسْجِدِي هَذَا أَوْ قَبْرِي " فَبَكَى مُعَاذٌ جَشَعًا لِفِرَاقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ فَأَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ نَحْوَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِي الْمُتَّقُونَ مَنْ كَانُوا وَحَيْثُ كَانُوا "، وَصَحَّحَ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ الْحَدِيثَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ " ٢/١٨١ - ١٨٢ وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي " النِّهَايَةِ فِي غَرِيبِ الْحَدِيثِ " وَالْجَشِعُ الْجَزِعُ لِفِرَاقِ الْإِلْفِ ".