Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/54)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Third:

It is established in the Sahīh collections, Musnad collections (1), and works of tafsīr that this verse was revealed to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—while he was standing at Arafah:

“A Jewish man said to Umar ibn al-Khattāb, ‘O Commander of the Believers, there is a verse in your Book that you recite. Had it been revealed to us Jews, we would have taken that [day] (2) as a festival.’

Umar asked him, ‘Which verse is that?’

He replied, ‘Allah’s words:

“This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and chosen Islam as your religion.”

[Surat al-Māidah: 3]’

Umar said, ‘I certainly know the day on which it was revealed and the place where it was revealed. It was revealed (3) on the Day of Arafah, at Arafah (4), while the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—was standing at Arafah.’”

This report is also widely transmitted through several other routes (5). It is recorded in the Muslims’ works: the Sahīh and Musnad collections, comprehensive hadith compilations, works of prophetic biography, works of tafsīr (6), and other works (7).

That day was nine days before Ghadir Khumm, for it was Friday, the ninth of Dhū al-Hijjah. How, then, can it be said that the verse was revealed on the day of Ghadir?!

Fourth:

This verse contains no indication of Alī or of his imamate in any respect—

(1) (M) reads: “*wa-l-masānīd* (and the Musnad collections).” (2) *Al-yawm* (that day) is omitted from (N), (S), and (B). (3) *Nazalat* (it was revealed) is omitted from (S) and (B). (4) *Bi-Arafah* (at Arafah) is omitted from (M). (5) (N), (S), and (B) read: “*ukhrā* (other).” (6) (M) reads: “and the Musnad and Sunan collections and works of *tafsīr*.” (7) This hadith, with variations in wording, is narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattāb—may Allah be pleased with him—in al-Bukhārī, 1/14 (Book of Faith, chapter “The Increase and Decrease of Faith”) and 6/50 (Book of *Tafsīr*, Surat al-Māidah); Muslim, 4/2312–2313 (Book of *Tafsīr*, hadith nos. 3, 4, and 5); *Sunan al-Tirmidhī*, 4/316 (Book of *Tafsīr*, Surat al-Māidah); *Sunan al-Nasāī*, 8/100 (Book of Faith and Its Laws, chapter “The Increase of Faith”); *al-Musnad* (al-Maārif ed.), 1/237; and *Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr*, 3/24.

الْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ: أَنَّهُ قَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصِّحَاحِ وَالْمَسَانِدِ (١) وَالتَّفْسِيرِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ بِعَرَفَةَ، «وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَهَا ; لَوْ عَلَيْنَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ نَزَلَتْ لَاتَّخَذْنَا ذَلِكَ [الْيَوْمَ] (٢) عِيدًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: وَأَيُّ آيَةٍ هِيَ؟ قَالَ: قَوْلُهُ: {الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٣] فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَيُّ يَوْمٍ نَزَلَتْ، وَفِي أَيِّ مَكَانٍ نَزَلَتْ. نَزَلَتْ (٣) يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ بِعَرَفَةَ (٤) وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَاقِفٌ بِعَرَفَةَ» . وَهَذَا مُسْتَفِيضٌ مِنْ زِيَادَةِ وُجُوهٍ أُخَرَ (٥) . وَهُوَ مَنْقُولٌ فِي كُتُبِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: الصِّحَاحِ وَالْمَسَانِدِ وَالْجَوَامِعِ وَالسِّيَرِ وَالتَّفْسِيرِ (٦) وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ (٧) . وَهَذَا الْيَوْمُ كَانَ قَبْلَ غَدِيرِ خُمٍّ بِتِسْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ تَاسِعَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَكَيْفَ يُقَالُ: إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ يَوْمَ الْغَدِيرِ؟ ! . الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ: أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ لَيْسَ فِيهَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَلَا إِمَامَتِهِ بِوَجْهٍ

(١) م: وَالْمَسَانِيدِ. (٢) الْيَوْمَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (س) ، (ب) . (٣) نَزَلَتْ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (س) ، (ب) . (٤) بِعَرَفَةَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (م) . (٥) ن، س، ب: أُخْرَى. (٦) م: وَالْمَسَانِيدُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالتَّفْسِيرُ. (٧) الْحَدِيثُ مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي الْأَلْفَاظِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ١/١٤، (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابُ زِيَادَةِ الْإِيمَانِ وَنُقْصَانِهِ) ٦/٥٠ (كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ، سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ) ، مُسْلِمٍ ٤/٢٣١٢ - ٢٣١٣ (كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ، حَدِيثٌ رَقْمُ ٣، ٤، ٥) سُنَنُ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٤/٣١٦ (كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ، سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ) ، سُنَنُ النَّسَائِيِّ ٨/١٠٠ (كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ وَشَرَائِعِهِ، بَابُ زِيَادَةِ الْإِيمَانِ) ، الْمُسْنَدُ (ط. الْمَعَارِفُ) ١/٢٣٧، تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ كَثِيرٍ ٣/٢٤