Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (7/31)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

The Nineteenth Point (1): Not everyone over whom a just imam exercises authority (2) belongs to the party of Allah and will be victorious. Just imams exercise authority over hypocrites and disbelievers (3), just as the Prophet’s city contained protected non-Muslims and hypocrites who lived under his rule—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Likewise, disbelievers and hypocrites lived under Ali’s authority.

Allah Most High says:

“Whoever takes Allah, His Messenger, and those who believe as allies—indeed, the party of Allah shall be victorious.”

[Sūrat al-Māʾida: 56]

Had this meant political authority, its meaning would be that everyone over whom believers exercise authority belongs to His victorious party, but that is not so. Likewise, disbelievers and hypocrites are subject to Allah’s command—that is, His decree and predestination—although He does not take them as allies but rather hates them.

[Section: The Second Proof—“O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord”—and the response to it]

Chapter

The Rāfidī said (4): “The second proof is the statement of Allah Most High:

‘O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord. If you do not, then you have not conveyed His message.’

[Sūrat al-Māʾida: 67] (5)

They agreed that it was revealed concerning Ali. Abū Nuaym al-Hāfiz—one of the majority scholars—related (6), through his chain of transmission, from Atiyya, who said:

‘This verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—concerning Ali ibn Abī Tālib (7).’

And in the tafsīr of

(1) (N) reads: “the seventeenth,” which is an error. (2) (M) reads: yatawallā (“exercises authority”). (3) (B) reads: “and the disbelievers.” (4) In (K), p. 149: (M). (5) (N) and (M) read: “His messages.” (6) (K) reads: “concerning Ali—peace be upon him—related.” (7) (K) reads: “to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and his family—concerning Ali—peace be upon him.”

الْوَجْهُ التَّاسِعَ عَشَرَ (١) : أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كُلُّ مَنْ تَوَلَّى (٢) عَلَيْهِ إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ يَكُونُ مِنْ حِزْبِ اللَّهِ، وَيَكُونُ غَالِبًا ; فَإِنَّ أَئِمَّةَ الْعَدْلِ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ عَلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْكُفَّارِ (٣) ، كَمَا كَانَ فِي مَدِينَةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - تَحْتَ حُكْمِهِ ذِمِّيُّونَ وَمُنَافِقُونَ. وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ تَحْتَ وِلَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ كُفَّارٌ وَمُنَافِقُونَ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: {وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْغَالِبُونَ} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٥٦] ; فَلَوْ أَرَادَ الْإِمَارَةَ لَكَانَ الْمَعْنَى: إِنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ تَأْمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَكُونُونَ مِنْ حِزْبِهِ الْغَالِبِينَ، وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ. وَكَذَلِكَ الْكُفَّارُ وَالْمُنَافِقُونَ تَحْتَ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي هُوَ قَضَاؤُهُ وَقَدَرُهُ، مَعَ كَوْنِهِ لَا يَتَوَلَّاهُمْ بَلْ يُبْغِضُهُمْ. [فصل البرهان الثاني " يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ " والجواب عليه] فَصْلٌ قَالَ الرَّافِضِيُّ (٤) : " الْبُرْهَانُ الثَّانِي: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {يَاأَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ} [سُورَةُ الْمَائِدَةِ: ٦٧] (٥) ، اتَّفَقُوا فِي نُزُولِهَا فِي عَلِيٍّ. وَرَوَى (٦) أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْحَافِظُ - مِنَ الْجُمْهُورِ - بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ (٧) . وَمِنْ تَفْسِيرِ

(١) ن: السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٢) م: يَتَوَلَّى. (٣) ب: وَالْكُفَّارِ. (٤) فِي (ك) ص ١٤٩ (م) . (٥) ن، م: رِسَالَاتِهِ. (٦) ك: فِي عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، رَوَى. (٧) ك: عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ فِي عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ.