Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/424)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

as is authentically reported from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—that he said:

“Whoever among you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand. If he is unable to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is unable to do that, then with his heart—and that is the weakest of faith.” (1)

Thus, when a believer is among disbelievers and evildoers, he is not required to strive against them with his hand when he is unable to do so. If he can, however, he should do so with his tongue; otherwise, with his heart—without lying and saying with his tongue what is not in his heart. He may either openly profess his religion or conceal it. Even then, he does not assent to their religion in its entirety. At most,(2) he may be like the believer from [Pharaoh’s household](3)—or Pharaoh’s wife. He did not assent to their entire religion, nor did he lie or say(4) with his tongue what was not in his heart; rather, he concealed his faith.

Concealing one’s religion is one thing, while openly professing a false religion is another. Allah has never permitted the latter except for someone subjected to coercion, who is thereby permitted to utter a word of disbelief. Allah, Exalted is He, has distinguished between the hypocrite and the person under coercion.

The condition of the Rāfidah is akin to that of the hypocrites, not to that of someone coerced into disbelief while his heart remains secure in faith, for such coercion does not occur

(1) The hadith narrated by Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in Muslim, 1/69, Book of Faith, chapter “Forbidding Evil Is Part of Faith”; Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 1/406, Book of Prayer, chapter “The Sermon on the Day of Eid,” and 4/173–174, Book of Battles, chapter “Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong”; Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 3/317–318, Book of Tribulations, chapter “What Has Been Related Concerning Changing Evil”; Sunan Ibn Mājah, 1/406, Book of Establishing Prayer, chapter “What Has Been Related Concerning the Eid Prayers,” and 2/1330, Book of Tribulations, chapter “Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong”; and al-Musnad, al-Halabī edition, 3/30. (2) N and M read: “Rather, their utmost limit.” This is an error. (3) The word *āl* (“household”) is omitted from N. (4) M reads: “and he says.”

كَمَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ» (١) . فَالْمُؤْمِنُ إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ الْكُفَّارِ وَالْفُجَّارِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُجَاهِدَهُمْ بِيَدِهِ مَعَ عَجْزِهِ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ أَمْكَنَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ وَإِلَّا فَبِقَلْبِهِ، مَعَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَكْذِبُ وَيَقُولُ بِلِسَانِهِ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ، إِمَّا أَنْ يُظْهِرَ دِينَهُ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكْتُمَهُ، وَهُوَ مَعَ هَذَا لَا يُوَافِقُهُمْ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ كُلِّهِ، بَلْ غَايَتُهُ (٢) أَنْ يَكُونَ كَمُؤْمِنِ [آلِ] (٣) فِرْعَوْنَ - وَامْرَأَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ - وَهُوَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُوَافِقًا لَهُمْ عَلَى جَمِيعِ دِينِهِمْ، وَلَا كَانَ يَكْذِبُ، وَلَا يَقُولُ (٤) بِلِسَانِهِ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ، بَلْ كَانَ يَكْتُمُ إِيمَانَهُ. وَكِتْمَانُ الدِّينِ شَيْءٌ، وَإِظْهَارُ الدِّينِ الْبَاطِلِ شَيْءٌ آخَرُ. فَهَذَا لَمْ يُبِحْهُ اللَّهُ قَطُّ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أُكْرِهَ، بِحَيْثُ أُبِيحَ لَهُ النُّطْقُ بِكَلِمَةِ الْكُفْرِ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُنَافِقِ وَالْمُكْرَهِ. وَالرَّافِضَةُ حَالُهُمْ مِنْ جِنْسِ حَالِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، لَا مِنْ جِنْسِ حَالِ الْمُكْرَهِ الَّذِي أُكْرِهَ عَلَى الْكُفْرِ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالْإِيمَانِ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْإِكْرَاهَ لَا يَكُونُ

(١) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي مُسْلِمٍ ١/٦٩ كِتَابُ الْإِيمَانِ، بَابُ كَوْنِ النَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ، سُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ١/٤٠٦ كِتَابُ الصَّلَاةِ بَابُ خُطْبَةِ يَوْمِ الْعِيدِ ٤/١٧٣ - ١٧٤، كِتَابُ الْمَلَاحِمِ، بَابُ الْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ، سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٣/٣١٧ - ٣١٨ كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي تَغْيِيرِ الْمُنْكَرِ، سُنَنِ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ ١/٤٠٦ كِتَابُ إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ، ٢/١٣٣٠ كِتَابُ الْفِتَنِ بَابُ الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، الْمُسْنَدِ ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ ٣/٣٠ (٢) ن، م: بَلْ غَايَتُهُمْ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٣) آلِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) . (٤) م: وَيَقُولُ.