Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/423)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

Jews. He said:

“O Messenger of Allah, I have five hundred Jews with me, and I think I should seek their support against the enemy.” This verse was then revealed.

According to Abū Sālih’s report, Abd Allah ibn Ubayy and his fellow hypocrites took the Jews as allies and conveyed intelligence to them, hoping that they would prevail over the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Allah therefore forbade the believers from acting as they did.

It is also reported from Ibn Abbās that a group of Jews maintained covert relations with some of the Ansār in order to tempt them away from their religion. Some Muslims warned them against this, saying:

“Keep away from these people.”

But they refused, so this verse was revealed.

Muqātil ibn Hayyān and Muqātil ibn Sulaymān reported that it was revealed concerning Hātib ibn Abī Baltaah and others who openly displayed affection toward the disbelievers of Mecca; Allah therefore forbade them from doing so.

The Rāfidah are among those who most conspicuously display affection toward Ahl al-Sunnah, while not one of them openly professes his own religion. Indeed, they memorize accounts of the Companions’ virtues, poems praising them, and satires of the Rāfidah, using these to ingratiate themselves with Ahl al-Sunnah. Yet none of them openly professes his religion, whereas the believers openly professed theirs before the polytheists and the People of the Book. It is therefore clear that the Rāfidah are among those furthest from acting in accordance with this verse.

As for His words, Exalted is He:

“Except when taking precaution against them in prudence.”

[Surah Āl Imrān: 28]

Mujāhid said: “That is, except as an act of conciliation” (1).

Taking precaution does not mean that I should lie (2) and say with my tongue what is not in my heart, for that is hypocrisy. Rather, I do what I am able to do,

(1) B reads: “No conciliation.” This is a textual corruption. Ibn al-Jawzī’s Zād al-Masīr, 1/372, reads: Mujāhid said, “Except as conciliation in worldly matters.” (2) N reads: “that I should lie because of them.”

الْيَهُودِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ مَعِيَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَسْتَظْهِرَ بِهِمْ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ كَانُوا يَتَوَلَّوْنَ الْيَهُودَ وَيَأْتُونَهُمْ بِالْأَخْبَارِ، يَرْجُونَ لَهُمُ الظَّفَرَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -، فَنَهَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَنْ مِثْلِ فِعْلِهِمْ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ كَانُوا يُبَاطِنُونَ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، لِيَفْتِنُوهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ، فَنَهَاهُمْ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالُوا: اجْتَنِبُوا هَؤُلَاءِ. فَأَبَوْا، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ. وَعَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، كَانُوا يُظْهِرُونَ الْمَوَدَّةَ لِكُفَّارِ مَكَّةَ، فَنَهَاهُمُ اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ. وَالرَّافِضَةُ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ النَّاسِ إِظْهَارًا لِمَوَدَّةِ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ، وَلَا يُظْهِرُ أَحَدُهُمْ دِينَهُ، حَتَّى إِنَّهُمْ يَحْفَظُونَ مِنْ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَالْقَصَائِدِ الَّتِي فِي مَدْحِهِمْ، وَهِجَاءِ الرَّافِضَةِ مَا يَتَوَدَّدُونَ بِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ، وَلَا يُظْهِرُ أَحَدُهُمْ دِينَهُ، كَمَا كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُظْهِرُونَ دِينَهُمْ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ. فَعُلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ أَبْعَدِ النَّاسِ عَنِ الْعَمَلِ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقَاةً} [سُورَةُ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ٢٨] قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: إِلَّا مُصَانَعَةً (١) . وَالتُّقَاةُ لَيْسَتْ بِأَنْ أَكْذِبَ (٢) وَأَقُولَ بِلِسَانِي مَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِي، فَإِنَّ هَذَا نِفَاقٌ، وَلَكِنْ أَفْعَلُ مَا أَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ.

(١) ب: لَا مُصَانَعَةٌ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ، وَالَّذِي فِي " زَادِ الْمَسِيرِ " لِابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ ١/٣٧٢ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: إِلَّا مُصَانَعَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا. (٢) ن: بِأَنْ أَكْذِبَ مِنْهُمْ.