Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/354)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

permanent banishment. Rather, whenever a person deserves banishment for an offense, it remains possible that he may later deserve to be returned to his homeland. Banishment is either for a fixed term, as in the one-year banishment of an unmarried fornicator according to the majority of scholars; such a person is returned after the year. Or it is indefinite, as with the banishment of an effeminate man; such a person is banished (1) until he repents. Umar likewise employed banishment as a discretionary punishment for drinking wine.

Accordingly, it cannot be maintained that, over a period of more than a dozen years, al-Hakam did not repent of the offense for which he had been banished. If he repented of his offense—after such a long interval—it was permissible for him to be brought back.

The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—ordered that the three who had been left behind be shunned for fifty nights. Allah then accepted their repentance, and the Muslims resumed speaking to them.

Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—banished Subaygh ibn Asal al-Tamīmī when he openly pursued the ambiguous passages, seeking discord and seeking their interpretation. He had him beaten and ordered the Muslims to shun him for a year after he had professed repentance. Then, when he repented, Umar instructed the Muslims to speak to him (2).

(1) B reads: “Thus, he remains [in exile].” (2) Ibn al-Jawzī gives a detailed account of Subaygh ibn Asal in his *Tārīkh Umar ibn al-Khattāb*, pp. [0–9]08–110. He relates Subaygh’s encounter with Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—through numerous reports transmitted with chains from several Companions and Successors. Ibn Asākir also records it in his *Tārīkh*, 6/385, as quoted in *Akhbār Umar* by Professors Alī and Nājī Tantāwī, pp. 224–225 (Damascus ed., 1379/1959). The account also appears in *Sunan al-Dārimī*, 1/54–56 (Introduction, “Chapter on Those Who Were Reluctant to Issue Fatwas and Disliked Excess and Innovation”); al-Suyūtī, *Sawn al-Mantiq*, 1/50–51; and al-Ājurrī, *al-Sharīa*, pp. [0–9]3–74. See also *Dar Taārud al-Aql wa-al-Naql*, 7/172, and *al-Istiqāma*, 1/258.

النَّفْيَ الدَّائِمَ، بَلْ مَا مِنْ ذَنْبٍ يَسْتَحِقُّ صَاحِبُهُ النَّفْيَ إِلَّا وَيُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَسْتَحِقَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْإِعَادَةَ إِلَى وَطَنِهِ، فَإِنَّ النَّفْيَ إِمَّا مُؤَقَّتٌ، كَنَفِي الزَّانِي الْبِكْرِ عِنْدَ جُمْهُورِ الْعُلَمَاءِ سَنَةً، فَهَذَا يُعَادُ بَعْدَ السَّنَةِ، وَإِمَّا نَفْيٌ مُطْلَقٌ، كَنَفِي الْمُخَنَّثِ، فَهَذَا يُنْفَى (١) إِلَى أَنْ يَتُوبَ. وَكَذَلِكَ نَفَى عُمَرُ فِي تَعْزِيرِ الْخَمْرِ. وَحِينَئِذٍ فَلَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: إِنَّ ذَنْبَ الْحَكَمِ الَّذِي نُفِي مِنْ أَجْلِهِ لَمْ يَتُبْ مِنْهُ فِي مُدَّةِ بِضْعِ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَإِذَا تَابَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ - مَعَ طُولِ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ - جَازَ أَنْ يُعَادَ. وَقَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بِهَجْرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ. وَعُمَرُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - نَفَى صُبَيْغَ بْنَ عَسَلٍ التَّمِيمِيَّ لَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اتِّبَاعَ الْمُتَشَابِهِ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ، وَضَرَبَهُ، وَأَمَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِهَجْرِهِ سَنَةً بَعْدَ أَنْ أَظْهَرَ التَّوْبَةَ، فَلَمَّا تَابَ أَمَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِكَلَامِهِ (٢) .

(١) ب: فَهَذَا يَبْقَى. (٢) أَوْرَدَ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ فِي كِتَابِهِ " تَارِيخِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ " ص [٠ - ٩] ٠٨ - ١١٠ خَبَرَ صُبَيْغِ بْنِ عَسَلٍ مُفَصَّلًا، وَذَكَرَ خَبَرَهُ مَعَ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - بِرِوَايَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ أَسْنَدَهَا إِلَى عَدَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ، كَمَا أَوْرَدَهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي تَارِيخِهِ ٦/٣٨٥ نَقْلًا عَنْ كِتَابِ أَخْبَارِ عُمَرَ لِلْأُسْتَاذَيْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَنَاجِي طَنْطَاوِيِّ ص ٢٢٤ - ٢٢٥ (ط. دِمَشْقَ) ، ١٣٧٩ ١٩٥٩ وَجَاءَ الْخَبَرُ فِي سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ ١/٥٤ - ٥٦ (الْمُقَدِّمَةِ، بَابِ مَنْ هَابَ الْفُتْيَا وَكَرِهَ التَّنَطُّعَ وَالتَّبَدُّعَ) ، وَذَكَرَهُ السُّيُوطِيُّ فِي " صَوْنِ الْمَنْطِقِ " ١/٥٠ - ٥١ وَالْآجُرِّيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ الشَّرِيعَةِ ص [٠ - ٩] ٣ - ٧٤ وَانْظُرْ دَرْءَ تَعَارُضِ الْعَقْلِ وَالنَّقْلِ ٧/١٧٢، الِاسْتِقَامَةَ ١/٢٥٨