Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/349)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

offspring, nor was any of them imprisoned. Indeed, there was no prison in Medina, either during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—or during the lifetime of Abū Bakr. How, then, could he have died while they remained imprisoned by him? (1)

The first prison established in Islam was in Mecca: Umar purchased Safwān ibn Umayya’s house and made it into a prison there.

Some people, however, say that Abū Bakr took their women and children captive, and that Umar later returned those captives to them. Even if this did occur, it does not demonstrate any disagreement between the two. Umar may well have agreed that taking them captive was permissible, but then returned their captives to them, just as the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—returned the captives of Hawāzin after distributing them among the Muslims. Whoever willingly returned them did so, while anyone who did not was compensated by him (2) from his own resources, when their people came professing Islam and asked for their captives to be returned.

As for the apostates, Abū Bakr, Umar, and all the other Companions had (3) agreed that they were not to be allowed to ride horses or bear arms. Rather, they were to be left following behind cattle until Allah showed the caliph of His Messenger and the believers that their Islam was sincere. When Umar became satisfied that their Islam was sincere, he restored those privileges to them, since doing so was permissible.

[The Rāfidī said: The seventh disagreement concerns Abū Bakr’s explicit designation of Umar for the caliphate]

His statement (4): “The seventh disagreement (5): concerning Abū Bakr’s designation of Umar for the caliphate (6). Some people said, ‘You have appointed over us a harsh, stern man.’”

(1) That is: How could Abū Bakr al-Siddīq—may Allah be pleased with him—have died while those whom Ibn al-Mutahhar claimed had been imprisoned still remained in his prison? (2) N reads: “made him accustomed [to it].” (3) The word “had” is absent from B. (4) That is, Ibn al-Mutahhar al-Hillī, the Rāfidī, in K; p. 143 (M). (5) The word “disagreement” is absent from K. (6) K reads: “to the caliphate.”

ذُرِّيَّةٌ، وَلَا حُبِسَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، وَلَا كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حَبْسٌ لَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَا عَلَى عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ. فَكَيْفَ يَمُوتُ وَهُمْ فِي حَبْسِهِ؟ (١) . وَأَوَّلُ حَبْسٍ اتُّخِذَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَكَّةَ، اشْتَرَى عُمَرُ مِنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ دَارَهُ، وَجَعَلَهَا حَبْسًا بِمَكَّةَ. وَلَكِنْ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ: سَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَذَرَارِيهِمْ، وَعُمَرُ أَعَادَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَهَذَا إِذَا وَقَعَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ بَيَانُ اخْتِلَافِهِمَا فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُونُ عُمَرُ كَانَ مُوَافِقًا عَلَى جَوَازِ سَبْيِهِمْ لَكِنْ رَدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ سَبْيَهُمْ كَمَا رَدَّ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَى هَوَازِنَ سَبْيَهُمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَسَّمَهُ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَمَنْ طَابَتْ نَفْسُهُ بِالرَّدِّ وَإِلَّا عَوَّضَهُ (٢) مِنْ عِنْدِهِ لَمَّا أَتَى أَهْلُهُمْ مُسْلِمِينَ، فَطَلَبُوا رَدَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِمْ. وَأَهْلُ الرِّدَّةِ كَانَ (٣) قَدِ اتَّفَقَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَسَائِرُ الصَّحَابَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُمَكَّنُونَ مِنْ رُكُوبِ الْخَيْلِ وَلَا حَمْلِ السِّلَاحِ بَلْ يُتْرَكُونَ يَتَّبِعُونَ أَذْنَابَ الْبَقَرِ حَتَّى يُرِيَ اللَّهُ خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ حُسْنَ إِسْلَامِهِمْ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لِعُمَرَ حُسْنُ إِسْلَامِهِمْ رَدَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِمْ، لِأَنَّهُ جَائِزٌ. [قال الرافضي الخلاف السابع في نص أبي بكر على عمر في الخلافة] وَقَوْلُهُ (٤) : " الْخِلَافُ (٥) السَّابِعُ: فِي تَنْصِيصِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ فِي الْخِلَافَةِ (٦) فَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ قَالَ: " وَلَّيْتَ عَلَيْنَا فَظًّا غَلِيظًا ".

(١) أَيْ: كَيْفَ يَمُوتُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -، وَهَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ زَعَمَ ابْنُ الْمُطَهَّرِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مَحْبُوسِينَ، مَا زَالُوا فِي حَبْسِهِ.؟ (٢) ن: عَوَّدَهُ. (٣) كَانَ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ب) . (٤) أَيِ ابْنِ الْمُطَهَّرِ الْحِلِّيِّ الرَّافِضِيِّ فِي (ك) (ص ١٤٣) (م) . (٥) الْخِلَافُ: لَيْسَتْ فِي (ك) . (٦) ك: بِالْخِلَافَةِ.