Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/348)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah. Once they say this, their lives are protected from me, except where the testimony entails a due right; and their reckoning is with Allah.” (1)

Abū Bakr said, “Did he not say, ‘except where it entails a due right; and their reckoning is with Allah’ (2)? Zakat is one such right. By Allah, if they withheld from me even a young she-goat that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—I would fight them for withholding it.”

Umar said, “By Allah, as soon as I saw that Allah had opened Abū Bakr’s heart to fighting, I knew (3) that it was the truth.” (4)

The two Sahih collections confirm Abū Bakr’s understanding in the hadith narrated by Ibn Umar from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—who said:

“I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah, establish prayer, and give zakat. Once they do so, their lives and property are protected from me, except where this entails a due right.” (5)

Thus, Umar agreed with Abū Bakr that the apostates who withheld zakat should be fought, as did the rest of the Companions. Those people then accepted the obligation to pay zakat after having refused it (6), and none of their … were taken captive

(1) This hadith was cited previously at 1/75–76. (2) The phrase “and their reckoning is with Allah” is absent from M. In N, several clauses appear out of place after the phrase “except where it entails a due right”; the copyist then returned to the original wording. (3) M reads: “Then I knew.” (4) The hadith was cited in abridged form previously at 1/75–76, 2/121, and 5/346. This longer version is found in al-Bukhārī, 9/15, and Muslim, 1/51–52. (5) I referred to the hadith of Ibn Umar in the preceding passages, together with other narrations from Abū Hurayra and Jābir—may Allah be pleased with them. For the hadith of Ibn Umar specifically, see al-Bukhārī, 1/10, and Muslim, 1/53. (6) N and M read: “from them.”

«أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ» (١) ". فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَلَمْ يَقُلْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ (٢) ؟ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ حَقِّهَا. وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ (٣) أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ (٤) . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ تَصْدِيقُ فَهْمِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا» " (٥) . فَعُمَرُ وَافَقَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ مَانِعِي الزَّكَاةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ سَائِرُ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَأَقَرَّ أُولَئِكَ بِالزَّكَاةِ بَعْدَ امْتِنَاعِهِمْ مِنْهَا (٦) ، وَلَمْ تُسْبَ لَهُمْ

(١) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ١/٧٥ - ٧٦ (٢) عِبَارَةُ " وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ " سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (م) ، وَجَاءَتْ عِبَارَاتٌ فِي (ن) بَعْدَ عِبَارَةِ وَإِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهَا، ثُمَّ عَادَ النَّاسِخُ إِلَى الْعِبَارَاتِ الْأَصْلِيَّةِ. (٣) م: فَعَلِمْتُ. (٤) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ مُخْتَصَرًا فِيمَا مَضَى ١/٧٥ - ٧٦، ٢/١٢١، ٥/٣٤٦ وَأَمَّا هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ الْمُطَوَّلَةُ فَهِيَ فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٩/١٥، مُسْلِمٍ ١/٥١ - ٥٢ (٥) حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْمَوَاضِعِ السَّابِقَةِ مَعَ رِوَايَاتٍ أُخْرَى لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَجَابِرٍ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ -، وَانْظُرْ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ خَاصَّةً فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ١/١٠، مُسْلِمٍ ١/٥٣ (٦) ن، م: مِنْهُمْ.