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may Allah bless him and grant him peace—would say:
“Aslam—may Allah keep it at peace—and Ghifār—may Allah forgive it.” (1)
He would also say:
“Quraysh, the Helpers, Aslam, Ghifār, and Juhaynah are my allies to the exclusion of all others. They have no protector besides Allah and His Messenger.” (2)
Ali had killed no one from among these tribes, nor anyone from among the Helpers. From the time Umar—may Allah be pleased with him—embraced Islam, he was a fiercer enemy of the polytheists than Ali was, so they hated him more intensely than they hated the other Companions. People also recoiled from Umar on account of his sternness and severity more than they recoiled from Ali. Some of them even disliked Abū Bakr’s appointment of him and remonstrated with Abū Bakr, because human souls are averse to the truth. For, in matters concerning Allah, he was undeterred by any critic’s blame, and so no
(1) The hadith is narrated from Abd Allah ibn Umar—may Allah be pleased with them both—in al-Bukhārī, 5/181 (Book of Virtues, chapter on Aslam and Ghifār). Its wording is: The Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said from the pulpit: “Ghifār—may Allah forgive it; Aslam—may Allah grant it peace; and Usayya disobeyed Allah and His Messenger.” Another hadith narrated from Abū Hurayra was cited earlier. It begins: “O Allah, save al-Walīd ibn al-Walīd…” One version of this hadith from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in al-Bukhārī, 2/26 (Book of the Prayer for Rain, chapter on the Prophet’s supplication—peace and blessings be upon him—“Make their years like the years of Joseph”). At the end of the hadith, the Prophet said: “Ghifār—may Allah forgive it; and Aslam—may Allah grant it peace.” These words also occur in a third hadith recorded by Muslim in his Sahīh, 1/470 (Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer, chapter on the recommendation of qunūt [supplication] in all the prayers), narrated from Khifāf ibn Īmā’ al-Ghifārī—may Allah be pleased with him. They likewise occur in a fourth hadith narrated from Abū Dharr al-Ghifārī in Muslim, 4/1922 (Book of the Virtues of the Companions, chapter on some of the virtues of Abū Dharr). Muslim also devoted another section to the subject in the Book of the Virtues of the Companions, 4/1952–1954 (chapter on the Prophet’s supplication—peace and blessings be upon him—for Ghifār and Aslam), in which he recorded various narrations from several Companions containing this supplication. The hadith is also found in the Sunan of al-Dārimī and in Ahmad’s Musnad in numerous places.
(2) The hadith is narrated from Abū Hurayra—may Allah be pleased with him—in al-Bukhārī, 5/181 (Book of Virtues, chapter on Aslam and Ghifār). With some variation in wording, it is also narrated from Abū Ayyūb al-Ansārī in the Sunan of al-Tirmidhī, 5/385 (Book of Virtues, chapter concerning Ghifār, Aslam, Juhayna, and Muzayna).
صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
يَقُولُ:
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«أَسْلَمُ سَالَمَهَا اللَّهُ، وَغِفَارُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهَا»
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(١)
،
وَيَقُولُ:
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«قُرَيْشٌ وَالْأَنْصَارُ وَأَسْلَمُ وَغِفَارُ وَجُهَيْنَةُ مَوَالِيَّ دُونَ النَّاسِ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مَوْلًى دُونَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ»
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(٢)
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وَهَؤُلَاءِ لَمْ يَقْتُلْ عَلِيٌّ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ، وَلَا أَحَدًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - أَشَدَّ عَدَاوَةً مُنْذُ أَسْلَمَ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَكَانُوا يُبْغِضُونَهُ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ بُغْضِهِمْ لِسَائِرِ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَنْفِرُونَ عَنْ عُمَرَ لِغِلْظَتِهِ وَشِدَّتِهِ، أَعْظَمَ مِنْ نُفُورِهِمْ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، حَتَّى كَرِهَ بَعْضُهُمْ تَوْلِيَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لَهُ، وَرَاجَعُوهُ لِبُغْضِ النُّفُوسِ لِلْحَقِّ، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةُ لَائِمٍ، فَلَمْ
(١) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٨١ (كِتَابِ الْمَنَاقِبِ، بَابِ ذِكْرِ أَسْلَمَ وَغِفَارٍ، وَنَصُّهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: غِفَارُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهَا، وَأَسْلَمُ سَالَمَهَا اللَّهُ، وَعُصَيَّةُ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ. وَجَاءَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ سَبَقَ فِيمَا مَضَى، وَأَوَّلُهُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ. . . فَفِي إِحْدَى رِوَايَاتِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي: الْبُخَارِيِّ ٢/٢٦ (كِتَابِ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ، بَابِ دُعَاءِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - اجْعَلْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سِنِينَ كَسِنِي يُوسُفَ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ فِي آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ: غِفَارُ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهَا وَأَسْلَمُ سَالَمَهَا اللَّهُ. وَجَاءَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِبَارَاتُ فِي حَدِيثٍ ثَالِثٍ أَوْرَدَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ١/٤٧٠ (كِتَابِ الْمَسَاجِدِ وَمَوَاضِعِ الصَّلَاةِ، بَابِ اسْتِحْبَابِ الْقُنُوتِ فِي جَمِيعِ الصَّلَاةِ، عَنْ خِفَافِ بْنِ إِيمَاءٍ الْغِفَارِيِّ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ -، كَمَا وَرَدَتْ فِي حَدِيثٍ رَابِعٍ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيِّ فِي: مُسْلِمٍ ٤/١٩٢٢ (كِتَابِ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ، بَابِ: مِنْ فَضَائِلِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ) ، وَعَقَدَ مُسْلِمٌ فَصْلًا آخَرَ فِي كِتَابِ فَضَائِلِ الصَّحَابَةِ ٤/١٩٥٢ - ١٩٥٤ (بَابِ دُعَاءِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لِغِفَارَ وَأَسْلَمَ) . ذَكَرَ فِيهِ رِوَايَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفَةً عَنْ عَدَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ جَاءَ فِيهَا هَذَا الدُّعَاءُ، وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي سُنَنِ الدَّارِمِيِّ، وَمُسْنَدِ أَحْمَدَ فِي مَوَاضِعَ كَثِيرَةٍ.
(٢) الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ ٥/١٨١ (كِتَابِ الْمَنَاقِبِ، بَابِ ذِكْرِ أَسْلَمَ وَغِفَارٍ. وَهُوَ مَعَ اخْتِلَافٍ فِي اللَّفْظِ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فِي سُنَنِ التِّرْمِذِيِّ ٥/٣٨٥ (كِتَابِ الْمَنَاقِبِ، بَابٍ فِي غِفَارَ وَأَسْلَمَ وَجُهَيْنَةَ وَمُزَيْنَةَ.