Minhaj as-Sunnah - Ibn Taimiya - (6/309)

Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

and Noah there were ten generations, all of whom followed Islam; then, after that, they differed.” (1)

Allah Most High says:

“Humanity was once but a single community, but then they differed.” [Surah Yunus: 19]

Allah Most High also says:

“Had your Lord willed, He would have made humanity one community; yet they will continue to differ, except those upon whom your Lord has mercy. For this He created them.” [Surah Hud: 118–119]

When Allah Most High said, “I am placing a successor on earth,” the angels said, “Will You place therein one who will spread corruption and shed blood, while we glorify You with praise and proclaim Your holiness?” [Surah al-Baqara: 30]

Allah Most High has informed us that one of Adam’s two sons killed his brother. It is authentically reported from the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—that he said:

“No soul is wrongfully killed without the first son of Adam bearing a share of its bloodguilt, for he was the first to institute killing.” (2)

Allah Most High says:

“Those messengers—We favored some above others. Among them were those to whom Allah spoke, and He raised some of them in rank. We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit. Had Allah willed, those who came after them would not have fought one another after the clear proofs had come to them; but they differed: some of them believed, while others disbelieved. Had Allah willed, they would not have fought one another, but Allah does whatever He wills.” [Surah al-Baqara: 253]

(1) Al-Tabarī cited this report in his *Tafsīr* (al-Maʿārif ed.), 4/275. In his commentary, Mahmūd Shākir states: “It was narrated by al-Hākim in *al-Mustadrak*, 2/546–547, who said: ‘This is an authentic hadith that meets al-Bukhārī’s criteria, although neither al-Bukhārī nor Muslim included it.’” Al-Dhahabī concurred with him. This report appeared previously at 5/257. (2) This hadith appeared previously at 4/351.

وَنُوحٍ عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ " (١) . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا} [سُورَةُ يُونُسَ: ١٩] . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ إِلَّا مَنْ رَحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَلِذَلِكَ خَلَقَهُمْ} [سُورَةُ هُودٍ: ١١٨، ١١٩] . وَقَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لَمَّا قَالَ تَعَالَى: {إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ} [سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ: ٣٠] . وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ قَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَخَاهُ، وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " «لَا تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ» " (٢) . وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: {تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ} [سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٥٣] .

(١) ذَكَرَ هَذَا الْأَثَرَ الطَّبَرِيُّ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ (ط. الْمَعَارِفِ) ٤/٢٧٥، وَقَالَ الْأُسْتَاذُ مَحْمُودْ شَاكِرْ فِي تَعْلِيقِهِ: رَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ ٢/٥٤٦ - ٥٤٧ وَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجَاهُ. وَوَافَقَهُ الذَّهَبِيُّ، وَسَبَقَ وُرُودُ هَذَا الْأَثَرِ مِنْ قَبْلُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٥/٢٥٧ (٢) سَبَقَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ فِيمَا مَضَى ٤/٣٥١