16
Thus, a man’s being beloved to Allah and His Messenger does not preclude his being disciplined at the command of Allah and His Messenger. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said:
“No illness, fatigue, anxiety, sorrow, distress, or harm afflicts a believer—even the prick of a thorn—without Allah expiating thereby [some of](1) his sins.”
Both al-Bukhārī and Muslim recorded it in their Sahih collections.(2)
When the words of the Exalted were revealed:
“Whoever commits evil will be requited for it.”
[Surat al-Nisā’: 123]
“Abū Bakr said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, the backbreaking blow has come!’ He replied, ‘Do you not grieve? Do you not grow weary? Does hardship not befall you? That is among the things for which you are requited.’” Ahmad and others narrated it.(3)
The hadith states:
“The prescribed punishments are expiations for those subjected to them.”(4)
(1) The word *min* (“some of”) is absent from N and M.
(2) This hadith was cited earlier in this volume, p. 228. It begins: “There is nothing that afflicts the believer by way of …,” and so forth.
(3) This is a disconnected hadith narrated by Abū Bakr ibn Abī Zuhayr al-Thaqafī, one of the younger Followers, from Abū Bakr al-Siddīq—may Allah be pleased with him. It is recorded in *al-Musnad*, al-Ma'ārif ed., 1/181–182, nos. 68–71; *Tafsīr al-Tabarī*, al-Ma'ārif ed., 9/341–343; see also Professor Mahmūd Shākir’s note, p. 243; and *Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr*, 2/370. The hadith is also found in *al-Mustadrak*, *Sunan al-Bayhaqī*, and other works. Ahmad Shākir—may Allah have mercy on him—said: “*Al-la'wā’* means hardship and straitened living.” It is recorded in *al-Mustadrak*, 3/74–75. Al-Hākim graded it authentic, and al-Dhahabī concurred. This is astonishing on both their parts, for the disconnection in its chain is evident.
(4) The words *li-ahlihā* (“for those subjected to them”) are absent from H. I could not find a hadith with this wording. I did, however, find that al-Haythamī devoted a chapter in *Majma al-Zawā'id*, 6/265–266, entitled “Are Prescribed Punishments Expiations for Sins or Not?” In it, he cited a hadith from Abū Hurayra, who reported that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “I do not know whether prescribed punishments are expiations or not.” He then said: “Al-Bazzār narrated it through two chains. The narrators of one of them are narrators of the Sahih, except Ahmad ibn Mansūr al-Ramādī, who is trustworthy.” He then cited hadiths indicating that prescribed punishments are expiations, including the report of Khuzayma ibn Thābit that the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Any servant who commits something Allah has forbidden and then receives its prescribed punishment has that sin expiated for him.” Another version states: “Whoever commits a sin and is subjected to its prescribed punishment, that punishment is his expiation.” Al-Haythamī then said: “Al-Tabarānī and Ahmad narrated a similar report. Its chain contains an unnamed narrator, described as Ibn Khuzayma, while the remaining narrators are trustworthy. It was also narrated as a statement of the Companion.” He also cited other hadiths, most of which are weak.
فَكَوْنُ الرَّجُلِ مَحْبُوبًا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، لَا يَمْنَعُ أَنْ يُؤَدَّبَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -
قَالَ:
" «مَا يُصِيبُ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ وَصَبٍ وَلَا نَصَبٍ، وَلَا هَمٍّ وَلَا حَزَنٍ، وَلَا غَمٍّ وَلَا أَذًى، حَتَّى الشَّوْكَةَ يُشَاكُهَا إِلَّا كَفَّرَ اللَّهُ بِهَا
[مِنْ]
(١)
خَطَايَاهُ» "
. أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ
(٢)
.
وَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ - تَعَالَى -:
{مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ}
[سُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ: ١٢٣]
.
«قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ:
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ جَاءَتْ قَاصِمَةُ الظَّهْرِ.
فَقَالَ:
" أَلَسْتَ تَحْزَنُ؟ أَلَسْتَ تَنْصَبُ؟ أَلَسْتَ تُصِيبُكَ اللَّأْوَاءُ؟ فَهُوَ مِمَّا تُجْزَوْنَ بِهِ» ؟ رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَغَيْرُهُ
(٣)
.
وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ:
"
«الْحُدُودُ كَفَّارَاتٌ لِأَهْلِهَا»
".
(٤)
.
(١) مِنْ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) .
(٢) سَبَقَ الْحَدِيثُ فِي هَذَا الْجُزْءِ ص ٢٢٨، وَأَوَّلُ الْحَدِيثِ: مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ يُصِيبُ الْمُؤْمِنَ مِنْ. . . . إِلَخْ.
(٣) هَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ رَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ مِنْ صِغَارِ التَّابِعِينَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ - فِي الْمُسْنَدِ ط. الْمَعَارِفِ ١/١٨١ - ١٨٢ الْأَرْقَامِ ٦٨ - ٧١ وَهُوَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الطَّبَرِيِّ ط. الْمَعَارِفِ ٩/٣٤١ - ٣٤٣ وَانْظُرْ تَعْلِيقَ الْأُسْتَاذِ مَحْمُود شَاكِر ص ٢٤٣ تَفْسِيرَ ابْنِ كَثِيرٍ ٢/٣٧٠ (وَالْحَدِيثُ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، وَفِي سُنَنِ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ) ، وَقَالَ أَحْمَد شَاكِر - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: اللَّأْوَاءُ الشِّدَّةُ وَضِيْقُ الْمَعِيشَةِ) ، وَهُوَ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ ٣/٧٤ - ٧٥ وَصَحَّحَهُ الْحَاكِمُ وَوَافَقَهُ الذَّهَبِيُّ، وَهُوَ عَجَبٌ مِنْهُمَا، فَإِنَّ انْقِطَاعَ سَنَدِهِ بَيِّنٌ.
(٤) لِأَهْلِهَا: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ح) وَلَمْ أَجِدْ حَدِيثًا بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ وَلَكِنِّي وَجَدْتُ أَنَّ الْهَيْثَمِيَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ مَجْمَعِ الزَّوَائِدِ ٦/٢٦٥ - ٢٦٦ قَدْ خَصَّصَ بَابًا بِعُنْوَانِ: بَابُ هَلْ تُكَفِّرُ الْحُدُودُ الذُّنُوبَ أَمْ لَا؟ أَوْرَدَ فِيهِ حَدِيثًا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: مَا أَدْرِي الْحُدُودُ كَفَّارَاتٌ أَمْ لَا؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ بِإِسْنَادَيْنِ رِجَالُ أَحَدِهِمَا رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ غَيْرَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيِّ، وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ. ثُمَّ أَوْرَدَ أَحَادِيثَ تُفِيدُ أَنَّ الْحُدُودَ كَفَارَّاتٌ، مِنْهَا: عَنْ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ أَصَابَ شَيْئًا مِمَّا نَهَى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدُّهُ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُ ذَلِكَ الذَّنْبَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مَنْ أَصَابَ ذَنْبًا وَأُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدُّ ذَلِكَ الذَّنْبِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَتُهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْهَيْثَمِيُّ: الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ بِنَحْوِهِ، وَفِيهِ رَاوٍ لَمْ يُسَمَّ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ ثِقَاتٌ، وَرَوَاهُ مَوْقُوفًا وَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ أُخَرَ أَكْثَرُهَا ضَعِيفٌ.