(1) This phrase is part of a hadith narrated from Abū Umāma—may Allah be pleased with him—in Sunan Ibn Mājah, 2:928 (Book of Jihad, chapter: “The Merit of Naval Expeditions”). It begins: “I heard Abū Umāma say: I heard the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—say, ‘A martyr at sea is equal to two martyrs on land…’” The hadith also states: “A martyr on land is forgiven all sins except debt, whereas a martyr at sea is forgiven both sins and debt.” Al-Albānī declared it fabricated in Daīf al-Jāmi al-Saghīr, 2:251, and discussed it in Silsilat al-Ahādīth al-Daīfa wa-l-Mawdūa, 2:222–223. (2) H reads al-ādamī (“the human being”); B reads ādamī (“a human being”). (3) Yawm (“Day”) is omitted in N. (4) The hadith is cited in Irwā al-Ghalīl, 4:111–112, with the wording: “Fasting on the Day of Arafah expiates two years—the preceding and following years—and fasting on the Day of Āshūrā expiates the preceding year.” Al-Albānī said: “It was narrated by the principal hadith compilers apart from al-Bukhārī. Al-Nasāī did not include it in his al-Sunan al-Sughrā; it appears to be in his al-Sunan al-Kubrā.” This hadith, narrated from Abū Qatāda al-Ansārī—may Allah be pleased with him—is found in Muslim, 2:818–819 (Book of Fasting, chapter: “The Recommendation to Fast Three Days of Every Month”). It begins: “A man came to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and asked, ‘How do you fast?’” The hadith also states: “Regarding fasting on the Day of Arafah, I hope that Allah will cause it to expiate the preceding and following years; and regarding fasting on the Day of Āshūrā, I hope that Allah will cause it to expiate the preceding year.” See al-Albānī’s discussion in Irwā al-Ghalīl, 4:108–110, no. 952, and his references to the various narrations of this hadith in Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, Sunan Ibn Mājah, al-Musnad, and Sunan al-Bayhaqī. (5) Kathīr (“extensive”) is omitted in N.